发布时间 : 星期二 文章2000考研英语真题中英对照解析更新完毕开始阅读
▲前一句中its workers the most skilled是一个伴随状语，省略了其中的being，补齐成分后应为its workers being the most skilled。后一句中beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians作prosperous的状语，beyond为介词，是“超越，超出”的意思。而whose economies the war had destroyed作定语从句修饰the Europeans and Asians，原形是the war had destroyed the economies of the Europeans and Asians。 △注意beyond一词的意思，它表示“在??之外”。 ③For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty. ▲该句带有一个表语从句，其表语从句中又套有两个并列的定语从句。全句主句部分的主谓结构是it looked...，as though（即as if好像）引导的从句是looked（看上去）的表语。表语从句中主语为the making of semiconductors，谓语为was going to be，而逗号之间的两个which从句是the making of semiconductors的非限定性定语，同时又是插入语。
△注意理解the next casualty的含义，casualty本意为“伤亡”，此处是“被国外产品击败的美国本土产业”。 ④Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.
▲英语的句式词汇一般都比较简练，如果将本句用中国人习惯的语式讲出应该如下：Their sometimes surprising findings about the causes of American's industrial decline are full of the warnings about the growing competition from overseas nations.
△sensational即surprising。另外注意本句的中心意思在句末的the growing competition from overseas。
⑤Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.
▲attribute... to...将??归功或归咎于??。solely作状语修饰attribute，this指代上一句中的five years of solid growth，此外as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle作宾语such obvious causes的补语。 △yield to是“向??屈服”，即“被取代”。此处使用了现在完成时，证明这种状态到现在已成型。
2000 Passage 2
Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for
every 100 females, but this
做男人总是充满危险，出生时男女比例大约是105:100，
['rei?i?u]n.比,比例,比率 [m?'tj?r?ti]n.1.成熟;成熟期;发育完全2.(金融)到期3.(保险单等)到期（应付款）
ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as
但到了成熟期，这一比例几乎持平，而在70岁的老人中女性是男性的两倍，
n. 1.【逻辑学】全称命题,谓项2.【哲学】一般概念
[,jun?'v?s?l]adj.1.普遍的,全体的2.广泛的,普遍 [m?:'t?l?ti:]n. 1.必死性2.大量死亡3.死亡率
men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as
但是男性死亡率普遍偏高这种情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率几乎同女婴一样高。
n. 1.超过,过多之量2.过度,过分,过量3.放肆行为,越轨行为 至关重要的,关键性的
['?k,s?s]adj.超重的,过量的;额外的,超额的,附加的,过度的 ['kru??l]adj.决定性的,紧要关头的
girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are
这就意味着男孩到了寻找伴侣的关键年龄将首次出现男孩过剩现象。
searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago,
更重要的是，又一次自然选择的机会不复存在了。50年前，
the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too
婴儿（尤其是男婴）存活的机会取决于体重，过轻或过重几乎
[,v??ri'ei??n]n.1.变化,变动(的程度);（数量、水平等的）变化,变更,变异2.变奏(曲) 3.变异,变异的东西,变种,变体
heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to
意味着必死无疑。今日体重几乎不起什么作用，因为大部分差异
['eid??nt]n.1.代理人,代理商;经纪人2.作用者,原动力,动因;作用剂3.（化学）剂 [,?v?'lu??n, ,iv?-]n.演变;进化;发展
genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.
是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了。
3.托付;交付4.自杀 3.自杀性行为；自毁；自取灭亡的行为 4.自杀者
[k?'m?t]vt.1.犯罪;犯错2.承诺;使自己受约束 [,i:v?'lu:??n?ri]adj.进化的 ['sjuisaid]n.1.自杀2.自取灭亡
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are进化自杀还有另一种方法：存活，但少生孩子。
['f?:tail] adj.1.多产的,富饶的2.能生育的,可繁殖的,能结果的3.能产生好结果的；促进的4.点子多的；想像力丰富的
as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women has
15 children. Nowadays
现在没有几个人像过去那样具有旺盛的生育力。除了在一些宗教社区之外，没有几名妇女有15个孩子。 ['r?fl?]adv.1.粗略地;大体上;大致上2.粗暴地;粗鲁地3.粗乱地;随便地
the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of
当今婴儿出生的数量同死亡年龄一样已趋于平均化，我们多数人的子女数量大致相同。
['?f,spr??]n.1.子女,子孙,后代2.(动物的)崽 v.利用,欺骗;占...的便宜
offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it
人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再一次减少。 [di'mini?t]adj.减少了的,被贬低的
have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and
印度可以说明正在发生的一切。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，
2.缺少;贫乏3.低劣;劣质 [r?'men??]adj.剩余的,剩下的 2.显赫的;高傲的3.非常愉快的,极好的
['pɑv?ti]n.1.贫穷,贫困 ['tra?b?l]adj.部落的 [ɡr?nd]adj.1.壮丽的,宏伟的 [,midi'ɑkr?ti]n.平庸,第二流;平庸人
poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today — everyone being the same in
而给其余的各部落民族以贫困。今天这种极其显著的平均化——每个人的生存机会和
survival and number of offspring — means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in
子女数量都相同——意味着自然选择在印度中、上层已经失去了80％的效力，
上中阶层
upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.
与部落相比较。
[,?v?'lu??n]n.演变;进化;发展 [ju'topi?]n.乌托邦(理想中美好的社会)
For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived.
Strangely, it has involved little
对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束；生物学上的乌托邦已经降临。奇怪的是，这一过程几乎丝毫没有牵
涉到身体上的变化，
physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 years — even the past
没有其他物种充斥着自然中如此多的空间。但在过去的10万年——甚至过去的100年中，
[tr?ns'f?rm]vt. & vi.改变vt.使改变形态；使改变外观 [?'vɑlv]vt.&vi.演变;进化vi.(动植物等 )进化,进化形成
100 years — our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines
我们的生活发生了变化，但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切。
2.很无礼的,十分不懂规矩的 3.有机的,不使用化肥的,绿色的
['?ɡn?r?nt]adj.1.无知的,愚昧的 [?r'ɡ?n?k]adj.1.器官的;器质性的2.
有机(体)的,有机物的
and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they \ organic
达尔文有一句话描述那些对进化一无所知的人，他们“看有机的生命
['s?v?d?]adj.1.未开化的;野蛮的,蒙昧的2.凶猛的;残忍的,凶残的vt.1.残害2.猛烈批评；激烈抨击n.未开化的人, 野蛮人
being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.\No doubt we will
如同野人看船，好像看某种完全不能理解的东西”。毫无疑问， ['holi, 'holli]adv.完全地,全部地
remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our
我们将记住20世纪的生活方式，尽管对其丑陋之处不得其解，但是， [d?'s?nd?nt]n.1.后代,后裔2.（由过去类似物发展来的）派生物
descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.
不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到有多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少。
①There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ▲该句是由三个递进关系的简单句组成的并列句，句法结构比较清晰。
△第一个分句的关键词在born，表明该比数是婴儿出生时的性别比例；第二个分句的关键词在near balance（接近持平）和at the age of maturity，表示性别比例的持平状态发生在成年时期；第三个分句的70-year-olds指代的是“70岁的人们”，作名词。 ②Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.
▲注意differences between people和the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage