发布时间 : 星期四 文章专题05生态环保类-五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练(Word版含解析)更新完毕开始阅读
1.atmosphere n.大气；气氛 2.reduction n.减少 3.temperature n.温度 4.species n.物种 5.extinction n.灭绝 6.climate change气候变化
7.make a difference有影响，起作用 8.gas emissions(温室)气体排放 9.global warming全球气温变暖
话题词汇
重现
Passage 1（2018年北京卷）
体裁 话题 词数 365 难度 ★★★☆☆ 建议时间 7分钟 说明文 解决塑料污染提供了新的途径 Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that
the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial
process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂ 43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A. They take plastics as their everyday food. B. They are newly evolved creatures. C. They can consume plastics. D. They wind up in landfills.
44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
A. identify other means of the breakdown B. find out the source of the enzyme C. confirm the research findings D. increase the breakdown speed
45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A. help to raise worms B. help make plastic bags C. be used to clean the oceans D. be produced in factories in future 46. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain a study method on worms. B. To introduce the diet of a special worm. C. To present a way to break down plastics. D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，这为解决塑料污染提供了新的途径。
44.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause
of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的原因，查明这种酶来源于哪里，是虫子自己产生的还是它肠道里的微生物产生的。故选B。
45.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段But she expects using the chemical in some kind of
industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. ＂可以推断出，Bertocchini希望这种化学物质将来能在工业生产中使用，而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选D。
46.C 【解析】写作意图题。根据文章第一段最后一句So far there is no effective way to get rid of
it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. 可知，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根据最后一段最后一句But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. ＂可知，Bertocchini希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推知写作意图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。故选C。
Passage 2（2018年浙江卷）
体裁 话题 词数 286 难度 ★★★☆☆ 建议时间 7分钟 说明文 几种购物袋的使用情况
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider
that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree
branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper
bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable
shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One