2014从句句型一 定语从句

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⑹非限性

非限性定语从句 意义:

非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开,如

(1)The house,which I bought last year,has a lovely garden. 我去 年买的的房子带着个漂亮的花园。

(2)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本我已经读过三遍的小说很感人。

1.非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:

(1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。

(2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。

2. 在非限定定语从句中,有时as也可用作关系代词,若as在从句中作主语,其引导的句子可以放在句首,也可以放在句中。例如:

(1)The boy has as much progress as we had expected. 正像我们所预料的那样,这个男孩取得了大的进步。

(2) As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history . 每个人都知道,中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。

3. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用从句做主语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。 (2)I helped an old man who lost his way yesterday . 昨天,我帮助了一个迷路的老人。

⑺关系

一、先行词和关系词

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(“Whoever”可以用“anyone who”代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (“what”可以用“all that”代替)

但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了,是名词性从句。因为定语从句一定要有先行词,而名

词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后,才是定语从句,先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。

An invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案C。

a选项it,使前后成为两个句子,中间无连词连接,语法错误;b项that,此为非限定性从句,不能用“that”修饰;c选项which,which在从句中做主语,用来代指前面的这件事;d选项he;前半句中是her boss,所以不正确。

2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案B

英语语法上行不通。

3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park. A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案B

※※“as”和“which”在引导非限宾语。但不同之处主要有两点: (1)importance to me, as my own is.

在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用“who / whom”。 (2)动词短语先行成分。

这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词“do”和“as / which”一起代替。“do”可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替。 (3)句子作先行成分。

这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。

二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置。

由于先行成分的构成成分”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况: 1. 形容词作先行成分时:形容词的“which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。

2. 动词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as”特殊。

3. 句子作先行成分时:“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语,“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语,如natural, known to all, usual等。

4. 有无状语意要是方式状语意义,而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定四、关系代词“as”与“which”一词。如:

Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.

1). “Which”作主语时,谓语动词不限,主动被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词“be”省略。

2). “as”和“which”都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。 3). “as”和“which”在特殊从句中作补语。如:

We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.

“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装,“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。

如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语,关系代词用“which”而不用“as”。如: He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was. 5.\用法:

1).\引导限制性定语从句 a. \

He is not such a fool as he looks.

I have never heard such a story as he tells.

b. \

This is the same book as I lost last week.

(区分\与\:两者都引导定语从句。that从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一个。as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类,而非同一个。举例:①This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。②This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。) c. \

As many children as came were given some cakes. 2).\引导非限制性定语从句 常用句式:as is said above 综上所述 as is known to all 众所周知 as is often the case 通常如此

as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报道的 6. “which”在特殊从定法 (1)不用that的情况

(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(c)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (b)介词后能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

(2)只能用“that”引导:如先行词被“last,just”修饰时,只用“that”。 (d)先行词为序数词、数容词,又有物时。

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