发布时间 : 星期四 文章初升高新高一衔接课程第12讲 语法：非谓语动词（一）更新完毕开始阅读
第12讲 非谓语动词（一） 学一学
非谓语动词——动词不定式
一、不定式作宾语
【考点】有些动词或动词短语后通常接不定式作宾语，如下： 想要 want，wish，hope，expect，seek，attempt，aim，claim，would like，desire，swear 打算 同意 拒绝 问 决定 尽力做 plan，prepare，arrange agree，promise，undertake，offer refuse ask，beg decide，determine，make up one’s mind，be determined manage，struggle，strive 知道一点英语常识： 非谓语动词，顾名思义，和动词有关，但不能在句中占据谓语动词的C位，多一个字，地位差了很多，相当于“副（总统）”吧。非谓语动词包含动名词、动词不定式和分词。 不定式，这个名称也很有意义。首先，动词不定式的词类“不定”，也就是当名词、形容词、副词使用都可以。其次，它的语气“不定”，也就是它属于表达“不确定”意味的“条件语气”。这种不确定语气和情态动词不确定语气完全相同，因为不定式其实就是包含情态动词句子的简化。 1
努力做 假装 了解 选择 make an effort pretend learn choose 承担的起，负担的起 afford 发生 等待 happen wait ? But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ______ (prove) that she
has brains as well as beauty.
【答案】to prove。want to do sth.“想要做某事”。 二、动词不定式作补语
【考点】1.不定式作宾语补足语时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将来、主动。后常接不定式作宾补的动词或动词短语有：
advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，teach，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，wait for，call on，depend on等。 ? They are required ______ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for
several other bodily functions.
【答案】to process。此题考查不定式作宾语补足语的用法。该句为require sb. to do sth.的被动形式。
2.在动词allow，advise，forbid，permit，consider后直接跟动词作宾语；如果后面有代词或名词作宾语，则用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 allow/permit/forbid/advise/consider sb. to do sth. allow/permit/forbid/advise/consider dong sth.
? We don’t allow smoking in the hall.我们不准在大厅内吸烟。 三、不定式作主语
不定式作主语通常表示具体的、某一次的行为；但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为。
Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。（泛指玩火）
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To play with fire will be dangerous.玩火会发生危险。（指一次具体动作） 【考点】1.常用不定式作主语的句型： (1）It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.
? But the river wasn’t changed in a few days or even a few months. It took years of work
______ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 【答案】to reduce。搭配It takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth.。 (2) It’s + adj. + for/of sb. + to do sth.
? It’s standard practice for a company like this one ______ (employ) a security officer. 【答案】to employ。此处句型为“It is + n +for…to do sth.”。句意：对于像这样的一家公司来说，雇用一位保安人员是例行做法。 四、不定式作表语
不定式作表语多指具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。
? Your task today is to wash the curtains.你今天的任务是洗窗帘。（指一次具体的工作） 五、不定式作状语
不定式经常可用作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语，相当于一个状语从句。 【考点】1.作目的状语
不定式作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了，想要”。
? Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ______ (cook) a meal. 【答案】to cook。结合语境可知，Pahlsson摘掉戒指的目的是为了做饭，因此此处用不定式表目的。 【考点】2.作结果状语
不定式用于so…as to…（如此…以至于…），such…as to…（如此…以至于…），enough to do…（足够做…），too…to do…（太…而不能），only to do（表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果）等结构中常用来表结果。
? Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ______ (find) it didn’t
fit.
【答案】to find，only to do表示意外结果。 【考点】3.作原因状语
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不定式作原因状语，常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed等，表示主语的特征、性质或说明产生这种情感的原因。
? The book is very difficult to understand.这本书很难理解。
【注意】在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中，句子的主语与动词不定式在逻辑关系上是被动关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，此时，需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 六、不定式作定语
【考点】不定式作定语，表示在谓语动词之后发生的将来的动作。
? I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______ (catch).
【答案】to catch。句意：在开会的整个过程中我一直在看手表，因为我要赶火车。根据句意可知，赶火车的动作发生在将来，因此用不定式作定语。 【易错点】动词后接-to do还是-doing形式作宾语
【点拨】牢记常用动词不定式作宾语和宾补的动词，以及一些常用的搭配 ? It took me a long time choose a guitar among several wonderful models.
答案：choose前加to。考察句式：it takes/took some time to do sth.，意为“做某事花费多长时间”。
练一练
【课堂练习】
一、单句填空
1. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely ______ (bring) your work home.
2. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ______ (create) special designs. 3. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ______ (cool) the house during the hot day.
4. ______ (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 5. ______ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. 二、单句改错
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1. When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 2. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. 3. I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.
4. It’s been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.
5. Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asked me to let her to copy my answers.
【课后作业】
一、单句填空
1. ______ (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
2. Group activities will be organized after class ______ (help) children develop team spirit. 3. ______ (work) out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.
4. I stopped the car ______ (take) a short break as I was feeling tired. 5. Volunteering gives you a chance ______ (change) lives, including your own.
6. In the beauty competition, women are asked ______ (perform) some of the exercises to the music.
7. My granny does crossword puzzles each day ______ (keep) her mind sharp.
8. It is difficult for you ______ (show) no respect for him in the heart whether you have ever loved Kobe or not.
9. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused ______ (publish) it. 10. When a child grows up, he can no longer expect others ______ (pay) for his food, clothes and many other things. 二、单句改错
1. Many students have their parents to do it. 2. Once, I waited for a bus come at a stop.
3. There are three roads leading our campus and you can choose any one to come in. 4. One day, my friend Alice asked me come to her family for dinner.
5. They said they would rather to spend the time with their friends or take part in some activities.
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