发布时间 : 星期二 文章历年考研英语真题集含答案(word版)更新完毕开始阅读
8. [A] awareness 9. [A] suitable 10. [A] about 11. [A] compared 12. [A] contrary to 13. [A] evidence 14. [A] disputable 15. [A] In contrast 16. [A] duly 18. [A] Therefore 19. [A] attempted 20. [A] breaking
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
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[B] expectation [B] excessive [B] for [B] shown
[C] sentiment [C] enough [C] on [C] subjected
[D] illusion [D] abundant [D] by [D] conveyed [D] peculiar to [D] source [D] misleading
[B] consistent with [C] parallel with [B] guidance [B] enlightening [B] For example [B] accidentally [B] Furthermore [B] tended [B] climbing
[C] implication [C] reliable
[C] In consequence [D] As usual [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly [C] However [C] chose [C] surpassing
[D] Meanwhile [D] intended [D] hitting
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Part B Directions:
For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)
[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe,
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compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.
[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.
[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.
[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.
[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as \for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.
[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.
[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even
2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
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some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.
41→42→43→44→E→45 Part C Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.
When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us. A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on \Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.
2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
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Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) 10
Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 大1家the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 大2家 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 大3家 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 大4家 in not being too terrifically bright.
Intelligence, it 大5家 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 大6家 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 大7家 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to 大8家.
Is there an adaptive value to 大9家 intelligence? That's the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 大10家 at all the species we've left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 大11家 of our own intelligence might be. This is 大12家 the mind of every animal I've ever met.
Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 大13家 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 大14家, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 大15家 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 大16家 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 大18家, they would hope to study a 大19家question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 大20家the results are inconclusive. 1. [A] Suppose
[B] Consider
[C] Observe
[D] Imagine