发布时间 : 星期二 文章1. 虚拟语气更新完毕开始阅读
虚拟语气
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
条件状语从句分类
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
If he doesn't hurry up, he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。（真实） If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实） If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（我不可能是你。非真实，虚拟语气） If there were no air, people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（不可能没空气。非真实，虚拟语气）
用法及动词形式
第一部分 IF引导的虚拟句式
if 现在 从 句 did /（be一般用were） 主 句 would / could / should / might + do 过去 had done did /（be一般用were） would / could / should / might + have done 将来 should do were to do would / could / should / might + do 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 从句：If 主语+过去时(be动词用were)
主句：主语 + should/would/could/might + do
If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（不知道）
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：If 主语+ had + done 主句：主语+should/would/could/ might + have done If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（去晚了） If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（没有听我的话） 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 主句：主语+ should + do
从句：①if+主语+were to do ②if+主语+should/would/could/ might + do
③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were
If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（来的可能性很小） If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（下雪可能性很小） If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（来的可能性很小）
4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.
如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了。
If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。（2005-15；2007-7；2011-2）
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
第二部分 其他特殊情况下的虚拟语气
6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，这种句子叫含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如but/but for, or，in that case, without, otherwise等。
But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。（2003-15） Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
7、虚拟条件句中主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表说话人的一种强烈的感情。 ①省略从句：He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
②省略主句：If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
8、注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。(2014.15) If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。 9、would rather, had rather, would sooner等后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不符的一种愿望，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，具体用法为：(2006.7; 2010.1) (1)表示现在或将来的愿望：用一般过去时（did/were）
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。 I’d rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。 (2)表过去的愿望：用过去完成时（had + done）
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。 10、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，谓语动词须用虚拟语气
从句虚拟语气结构：It is (high / about) time that + 主语 + 动词过去式 或+ should + do（should不可省，且优先使用动词过去式） It is time for sb. to do sth. It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
It is（the first / second / third…）time that 从句谓语动词用have done It was（the first / second / third…）time that 从句谓语动词用had done 11、if only…若是…该多好啊；真希望… 与现在事实相反，从句谓语：did / were
与过去事实相反，从句谓语：had done If only she had lived a little longer.
could have done If only she could have lived a little longer. 将来可能性不大，从句谓语：would /could / should / might +do
12、as if, as though有时候引导虚拟语气 (2003.6) 与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词：did / were 与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词：had done
将来可能性不大，从句谓语动词：would /could / should / might +do 13、wish 后宾语从句
（1）与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用did/were
I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你) （2）与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用had + done I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。（事实：那时还不知道）
（3）将来难以实现的愿望。谓语动词用 would /could / should / might + 动词原形 I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）
14、名词性从句中的虚拟语气:从句谓语动词(should) +do（should常省略）(2010.10;2014.8)
主语从句：it is + adj + that结构
advisable 适当的、合适的 regretful 遗憾的 anxious忧虑、焦急的 regretful 遗憾的 appropriate 适当的 right 正确、恰当的 better 较好的 strange 奇怪的 desirable 理想的 surprising 惊奇的 essential 紧要的 urgent 紧迫的 imperative 迫切的 vital 极其重要的 important 重要的 分词 insistent 坚持的 decided 决定 natural 自然的 demanded 要求 necessary 必要的 desired 想往
ordered 命令 recommended推荐 requested 要求 required 建议 名词 duty 职责 no surprise 不奇怪 no wonder不足为奇 pity 遗憾 regret 后悔、遗憾 shame 羞耻、不像话 真题回顾
2003
6. He talked as if he _____there before.
A. used to be B. was C. had been D. had gone 15. But for his kind help, I ______this experiment so quickly. A. shouldn’t be finishing B couldn’t finish C. hadn’t finished D. wouldn’t have finished 2004
14. If it in the early April, the crops wouldn’t be growing so well now. A. didn’t rain B. wasn’t rained C. hadn’t rained D. was not raining 2005
15. ______ harder, you would have passed this exam.
A. Were you worked B. Had you worked C. If you worked D. If you have worked 2006
7. I’d rather you make nay comment on the issue for the time being. A. won’t B. don’t C. wouldn’t D. didn’t 2007
7. Had Mark coached the women football team instead of George, we more games. A. would win B. would have won C. had won D. will win 2008
6. harder, you would have passed this exam.
A. If you have worked B. If you worked C. Were you to work D. Had you worked 2010
1. Well, I would rather your sister tomorrow than today. A. will come B. comes C. came D. come
10. It is essential that people enough vitamins every day. A. have B. had C. must have D. will have 2011
2. _____, John would have told you about it. A. If he has known it B. Had he known it C. If he knew it D. Should he know it 7. If weather______, the students will go outing on Sunday. A. permits B. is permitted C. will be permitted D. will permit 2012
11. –Did you listen to the speech?
–No. We it, but we had lots of traffic on the way. A. could have attended B. must have attended C. didn’t attend D. hadn’t attended