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2018-2019学年交大附中高三英语第一学期摸底考试卷
I. Listening Comprehension(略) II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts (21) our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants (22) (make) the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun (23) (screen) off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere, they areexposed to this radiation but their spacesuit or the walls of their spacecraft, (24) they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.
Radiation is (25) (great) known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called \Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more than 0.1 rem without (26) (damage); the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is (27) it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage - a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered (28) the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated (积累) a large amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply don't know yet (29) men are going to get on when they spent weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage (30) (do) by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far. \\
(B) Living Jewels
Before I went to the British Koi Keepers Annual Show, I didn’t understand (31) people could take fish so seriously. However, the more I learned about koi, the more interested became. As one expert told me, \They’re as beautiful as butterflies and very calming to watch.\Freddie Mercury, the lead singer of Queen, would have agreed the pool in his specially-built Japanese garden was home to 89 koi, (32) cost up to $10,000 each.
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At the show I met koi enthusiast Jean Kelly. “Koi are getting more and more expensive,” she told me. “One recently sold for $250,000.” I was shocked that's almost as much as I paid for my house. Well, that was a record, (33) (admit) Jean. The normal price is nowhere near as high as that.
Nevertheless, serious collectors can pay up to $15,000 for a fully (34) (grow) koi, which is nearly as expensive as a new luxurious car, and the bigger they are, the more they cost. The cheapest I (35) find was $75 each, but they were only about twice as big as my goldfish.
Jean wasn’t impressed by one of the koi on sale either. “Actually, these koi aren’t any nicer than (36) ,” she commented. “(37) they are slightly bigger than the ones I’ve got, I paid considerable less than this.”
I wasn’t quite as enthusiastic as Jean, but I did consider (38) (buy) one. Then I remembered that all but 5 of Freddie Mercury's koi died when someone accidentally turned off the electricity supply to their pool. Jean assured me that with all the new equipment available the survival rate was getting better and better, and that looking (39) koi was no harder than taking care of any other pet. However, in the end I decided to stick with my goldfish. They’re not nearly as beautiful as koi ——but they’re a great deal cheaper (40) (replace) !
Section B (10分)
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. associated B. likely C. decreases D. abstract E. limit F. fun G. contributes H. consistently I. favorably J. reasoned K. average
The Beatles sang that money can't buy you love. But what about happiness? Research (41)_____ shows that the more money people have, the more likely they are to report being satisfied with their lives.
And that makes sense: money buys you things that make life easier and more satisfying; the easier your life, the happier you tend to be. That relationship isn't entirely linear, since there's a(n) (42)_____ to how much wealth can please you; the happiness benefit of an increasing income is especially powerful among people who don't have much money to start with, and (43)_____ as wealth increases. But studies also reveal that as (44)_____ income levels have risen over time — in the U.S. and European nations, for example — residents of those countries have not reported being any happier than people were 30 or 40 years ago. It's a paradox that while income and happiness may be (45)_____ within a population at any given moment, overall economic growth does not appear to correspond to a boost in national satisfaction over time. (See a gallery of things money can buy.)
To understand why, researchers at the University of Warwick and Cardiff University decided to break down how individual people evaluate their income. What does wealth mean to people? Previous work has suggested that people tend to value their own wealth more — and are happier — when it compares (46)_____ to everyone else's. The so-called reference-income hypothesis holds that it's not simply how much money you make that (47)_____ to
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satisfaction, but how much more money you make than, say, the national average. The higher your salary than the norm, the happier you tend to be. That could explain in part why populations as a whole do not experience sunnier dispositions with economic growth, since a majority of individuals may not fall above the national income average.
But the reference-income hypothesis is rather (48)_____. The researchers wondered whether there was a more nuanced way to capture how people valued their income. They (49)_____ that people tend to make specific comparisons of personal wealth, not only with the average income of the larger population, but with the individual incomes of their neighbors, colleagues at work or friends from college. And the higher their rank, the greater their sense of happiness and self-worth would (50)_____ be. \second most highly paid person, or the eighth most highly paid person, in their comparison set,\Chris Boyce, a psychologist at the University of Warwick, and Simon Moore, a psychologist at Cardiff University.
III. Reading Comprehension (45 分） Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.
The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to (51)______ on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.
Rainforests have (52)______ over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and (53)______ renewable natural resources that for eons, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have (54)______ a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. (55)______, the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate and fragile system. Everything is so (56)______ that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to (57)______ forever.
The scale of human (58)______ on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen——at a cost to our (59)______. In 2001, The World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat, and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050; (60)______, it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world's demand for wood.
In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth's land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in (61)______. In fewer than fifty years, more than half of the world's tropical rainforests have fallen (62)______ to fire and the chain saw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more than
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200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more than 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is severely threatened as the destruction continues. It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. If nothing is done to curb this (63)______, the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years.
Massive (64)______ brings with it many ugly consequences-air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the (65)______ of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming.
51. A. present B. capture C. claim 53. A. energizing B. healing 55. A. However 56. A. active 58. A. pressure 59. A. existence 61. A. store 63. A. trend
B. Furthermore
D. prove
52. A. changed B. evolved C. expanded D. existed
C. isolating D. breathing
D. Otherwise
54. A. contributed B. stored C. reduced D. affected
C. Therefore
B. sensitive C. interdependent D. delicate
C. revive D. last
D. strength D. similarly D. victim D. attitude
B. power
C. concern
57. A. restore B. support
B. ecosystem C. planet D. survival B. food B. down
C. smoke
D. wealth
60. A. unfortunately B. consequently C. naturally 62. A. subject 64. A. destruction 65. A. appearance
C. apart
B. practice C. decrease B. industrialization B. explosion
C. loss
C. modernization D. deforestation
D. increase
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The definition of the standard kilogram is fundamentally imperfect. Getting the definition right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence of scientists for decades.
Scientists use just seven basic units to define all the other quantities we use --- quantities such as speed, density, or electric power. All of those basic units except the kilogram are themselves defined in terms of natural properties that are beyond human control.
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