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Grammar
6-7-8-9 代词和限定词
代词和限定词的学习要点：
代词和限定词的区别
代词：在句中既能当名词用，也能当形容词用，即，能作主语，宾语和定语；
限定词：在句中使用是有限制的，不能单独存在，只能充当形容词用，作定语，修饰名词。 注意：有些词有双重身份，既是代词，也是限定词
Form 1. 代词和限定词的种类 代词和限定词的种类 例 词 1 人称代词personal pronoun (pron.) 人称代词的主格形式 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 人称代词的宾格形式 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 物主代词possessive pron. 物主限定词possessive determiner 反身代词self pron. 相互代词reciprocal pron. 指示代词demonstrative pron. 指示限定词demonstrative determiner 疑问代词interrogative pron. 关系代词relative pron. 不定代词indefinite pron. 名词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词 既可修饰可数名词， 也可以不可数名词 一般修饰可数名词 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself each other, one anther this, that, these, those, such this, that, these, those, such who, whom, whose, what, which who, whom, whose, which, that, as some, any, no, all, half, enough, other; more, most, none; many, many a, few, a few, fewer, several; every, each; one, either, neither, both; another; the former, the later; much, little, a little, less, least; somebody, someone, something; anybody, anyone, anything; nobody, no one, nothing; both, all, any, each, every, one, no, none; other, another, either, neither, many, some, few, a few; much, little, a little; the former, the later Tom‘s, Today‘s the a, an 不用冠词 two, eight, hundred, thousand; two hundred and thirty seven; second, eightieth, hundredth, thousandth twenty-third 1
一般修饰不可数名词 复合词不定代词 (一般用动词单数) 11 不定限定词indefinite determiner (可用作定语修饰名词) 12 名词的属格 13 冠词 14
定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 基数词 序数词
数词 分数 小数点 倍数 one third, three fourths, two fifths 2? (two and three fourths) 0.3 (zero point three); 0.04 (o point o four); 5.47 (five point four seven / five point forty seven) 5 times Form 2: 表示不确定的人或物的不定代词和不定限定词： 用于两者 用于三者，及以上 全部 复数 单数 both each all each every “一” ―一个‖ “另一个” one the other one another 部分 确定 非确定 one either some any 否定 neither none no Form 3: Such 的用法 (难点) 1 2 3 such在句中的位置 such 修饰单数名词时，在不定冠词前 such修饰复数名词时，置名词前 若名词前有 one，no，any，some，all, many 等，such 则置该词后 例 句 He‘s such a man. 他就是这么一个人。 I have been involved in many such courses. every such possibility 每一个这样的可能性 any such plan 任何这样的计划 There is no such thing. 没有这么一回事。 such 位于句首，须倒装 Such is my hope for the future. 我对未来的希望就是这样。 Such were the facts. 事实就是这样。 such…..that…表示―如此…以至于‖, He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.用在从句不缺少句子成分时 （从句完整） 他的胳臂很长，(以至于)几乎能碰到天花板。 such…as…表示―如此…以至于‖, 用在She is such a good teacher just as we expect. （从句缺宾语) 从句缺少句子成分时，表示―像…一样‖ 正如我们所料(的一样)，她是一位好老师。 such as: ―例如，像‖ I like drinks such as tea and soda. 我喜欢诸如茶和汽水之类的饮料。 as such: He is a child, and must be treated as such. A) 同样地, 同量地; 如所指的， He is a good man, and is known as such to everyone. A name, as such, means nothing. 姓名本身并无意义。 Success, as such, doesn‘t always brings happiness. B) ―本身‖ 成功本身并不总是带来幸福。 Wealth, as such doesn't matter much. 财富本身算不了什么。 It is not an agreement as such, but will serve as one. C)（用语否定句）―并不真是‖ It is not a good book as such but it has some interesting pictures. such and such: ―某某，这种那种的‖ Such and such results follow from such and such causes. 这样那样的原因就产生这样那样的结果。 4 5 6 7 8 9 Form 4: 前位、中位、后位限定词
1 限定词 pre-determiners 前位限定词: 表―全部，倍数，分数‖等 central determiners 例 词 例 句 all, both, half; / double, He has such a funny twice, three times; / ?, character. such a 冠词，指示代词，物主，Half his lecture is dull. 2
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中位限定词: 表示―特指，泛指‖等 3 post-determiners 后位限定词: 表示―顺序和数量‖ 不定，名词属格): a, the; / this; / my; / any, each, either/ what(ever), which(ever), / Mary‘s‘; two / second, next / another / many, much, a few, the fewest, more, most / several, such / a lot of, a great number of, I saw both the boys there. They want at least double their salaries One-third that meat is bad. All the first immigrates can live in new houses. His many friends usually speak highly of him. such beautiful flowers 5. 冠词的用法 类别 冠词 the定冠词 用法 1. 特指 the teacher 2. 最高级 the biggest 3. 世界独一无二的事物 the sun 4. 方向 in the north 5. 计量单位 by the month 6. 序数词 the fourth line 7. 年代 in the 1990s 8. 专有名词 the United States 9. 弹奏乐器 play the piano 10. 当姓指一家人时the Smiths 11. 当用形容词指一类人时the young 12. 习语 表示“一个”，“每个” 1. 称呼waiter, president 2. 三餐饭 dinner 3. 运动，颜色，游戏 swimming, skating, red 4. 有些建筑物 school, college 5. 交通工具 by car 6. 节日 Spring Festival 7. 街道名称 Huderson Road 8. 抽象名词、物质名词 music, wood 9. 疾病 heart attack 10. 学科 mathematics 11. 四季，月份 summer, May 12. 习语 day by day, arm in arm, at home a / an不定冠词 〇冠词 Main points of definite determiners 不定限定词
Warming up Give the names of each determiner: e.g. What does this word mean? I bought a house whose window faces south. John‘s brother gave my sister a lot of records, some tapes, three song books and a CD player. This is the second time for him to do so. Their house is about three times the size of ours. 他们的房子大约是我们房子的三倍。
1. Classification of determiners: 1) articles : a, an, the,
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2) possessive determiner (adj.) : my, mine
3) genitive noun 名词属格: John‘s, my father‘s 4) demonstrative determiner 指示: this, these, such 5) relative determiner 关系： whose, which 6) interrogative determiner 疑问:what, which
7) indefinite determiner 不定: no, each, either, neither, some, any, all, half, many, a few, a little, enough, another 8) cardinal and ordinal numeral : 66, the second
9) Multiplicative倍数词 and fractional numeral分数: three times, twice, 2/3 10) quantifier 量词 : a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large number of
2. Collocations between determiners and nouns 1) With singular N-sin. only: 与名词单数搭配
e.g. Each one of us was asked what went on. 我们每个人都被询问了发生了什么事。 Because of typhoon neither shipment will arrive this week. Neither statement is true. (are -- informal) But: Neither of the books is of any use to me.
可搭配的词：each / neither / many a / such a + (N-sin.) 2) With both N-sin. / N-pl: 与单数 / 复数搭配
e.g. The first immigrants from Three Gorges arrived yesterday. (可搭配的词：the first, the second, the last, the next) The second quiz is in October.
(the first) + N-pl, (the second) + N-sin
3. Word order of definite determiners限定词的的顺序
Order—?pre-determiner + central determiner + post-determiner‘: the order of the three determiners ‘前位-中位-后位限定词’的顺序 (See p64) Do exercise 6C 限定词 例 词 例 句 1 pre-determiners all, both, half; / double, twice, three He has such a funny character. 前位限定词: times; / ?, “such (a) + N” 表示“全部，倍数，分数”等 2 articles, demonstrative, possessive; genitive (冠词，指示代词，物主代Half his lecture is dull. central determiners 词，不定代词，名词属格): I saw both the boys there. 中位限定词: a, an, the; / this, that, these, those; / They want at least double their salaries 表示“特指，泛指”my, your; / some, any, no, every, One-third that meat is bad. 等 each, either, enough; / what(ever), which(ever), whose; / Mary‘s, my friends‘; 3 one, two / first, second, next, last / All the first immigrates can live in new post-determiners other, another / many, much, a few, houses. 后位限定词: few, little, a little, the fewest, the His many friends usually speak highly of 表示“顺序和数量” least, more, most / several, such / him. plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great such beautiful flowers number of, a large amount of Note: When such is used with ―some, any, no, all, few, one, another, one such‖, such should be used as
post-determine. We CAN‘T say ―some of such …..‖; while ―some such‖ is OK.
e.g. A single parent, one of many such people in the neighborhood.单亲，这地区附近有许多这样的人 I want some such books.
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