·¢²¼Ê±¼ä : ÐÇÆÚÒ» ÎÄÕ¿ռä½âÎö¼¸ºÎÓëÏòÁ¿´úÊý¸üÐÂÍê±Ï¿ªÊ¼ÔĶÁ
¿Õ¼ä½âÎö¼¸ºÎÓëÏòÁ¿´úÊý
µÚÒ»½Ú ÏòÁ¿¼°ÆäÏßÐÔÔËËã
Ò» ¡¢ÏòÁ¿¸ÅÄî ¶þ¡¢ÏòÁ¿µÄÏßÐÔÔËËã Èý¡¢¿Õ¼äÖ±½Ç×ø±êϵ ËÄ¡¢ÀûÓÃ×ø±ê×÷ÏòÁ¿µÄÏßÐÔÔËËã Îå¡¢ÏòÁ¿µÄÄ£¡¢·½Ïò½Ç¡¢Í¶Ó°
µÚ¶þ½Ú ÊýÁ¿»ý ÏòÁ¿»ý »ìºÏ»ý
Ò»¡¢Á½ÏòÁ¿µÄÊýÁ¿»ý ¶þ¡¢Á½ÏòÁ¿µÄÏòÁ¿»ý Èý¡¢ÏòÁ¿µÄ»ìºÏ»ý
µÚÈý½Ú ÇúÃæ¼°Æä·½³Ì
Ò»¡¢ÇúÃæ·½³ÌµÄ¸ÅÄî ¶þ¡¢ÐýתÇúÃæ Èý¡¢ÖùÃæ ËÄ¡¢¶þ´ÎÇúÃæ
µÚËÄ½Ú ¿Õ¼äÇúÏß¼°Æä·½³Ì
Ò»¡¢¿Õ¼äÇúÏßµÄÒ»°ã·½³Ì ¶þ¡¢¿Õ¼äÇúÏߵIJÎÊý·½³Ì Èý¡¢¿Õ¼äÇúÏßÔÚ×ø±êÃæÉϵÄͶӰ µÚÎå½Ú ƽÃæ¼°Æä·½³Ì
Ò»¡¢Æ½ÃæµÄµã·¨Ê½·½³Ì ¶þ¡¢Æ½ÃæµÄÒ»°ã·½³Ì Èý¡¢Á½Æ½ÃæµÄ¼Ð½Ç µÚÁù½Ú ¿Õ¼äÖ±Ïß¼°Æä·½³Ì
Ò»¡¢¿Õ¼äÖ±ÏßµÄÒ»°ã·½³Ì ¶þ¡¢¿Õ¼äÖ±ÏߵĶԳÆʽ·½³ÌÓë²ÎÊý·½³Ì Èý¡¢Á½Ö±ÏßµÄ¼Ð½Ç ËÄ¡¢Ö±ÏßÓëƽÃæµÄ¼Ð½Ç Îå¡¢ÔÓÀý
¡¶¿Õ¼ä½âÎö¼¸ºÎÓëÏòÁ¿´úÊý¡·- 1 -
Ò»¡¢
µÚÒ»½Ú ÏòÁ¿¼°ÆäÏßÐÔÔËËã
ÏòÁ¿¸ÅÄî
ÔÚÑо¿Á¦Ñ§¡¢ÎïÀíѧÒÔ¼°ÆäËûÓ¦ÓÿÆѧʱ? ³£»áÓöµ½ÕâÑùÒ»ÀàÁ¿? ËüÃǼÈÓдóС? ÓÖÓз½Ïò? ÀýÈçÁ¦¡¢Á¦¾Ø¡¢Î»ÒÆ¡¢Ëٶȡ¢¼ÓËٶȵÈ? ÕâÒ»ÀàÁ¿½Ð×öÏòÁ¿£¨»òʸÁ¿£©?
ÔÚÊýѧÉÏ? ÓÃÒ»ÌõÓз½ÏòµÄÏ߶Î(³ÆΪÓÐÏòÏ߶Î)À´±íʾÏòÁ¿? ÓÐÏòÏ߶εij¤¶È±íʾÏòÁ¿µÄ´óС? ÓÐÏòÏ߶εķ½Ïò±íʾÏòÁ¿µÄ·½Ïò.?
ÏòÁ¿µÄ·ûºÅ?
ÒÔAΪÆðµã¡¢BΪÖÕµãµÄÓÐÏòÏ߶ÎËù±íʾµÄÏòÁ¿¼Ç×÷AB?
ÏòÁ¿¿ÉÓôÖÌå×Öĸ±íʾ? Ò²¿ÉÓÃÉϼӼýÍ·ÊéдÌå×Öĸ±íʾ? ÀýÈç? a¡¢r¡¢v¡¢F»òa¡¢r¡¢v¡¢F?
ÔÚʵ¼ÊÎÊÌâÖÐ,ÓÐЩÏòÁ¿ÓëÆäÆðµãÓйأ¨ÀýÈçÖʵãÔ˶¯µÄËÙ¶ÈÓë¸ÃÖʵãµÄλÖÃÓйØ,Ò»¸öÁ¦Óë¸ÃÁ¦µÄ×÷ÓõãµÄλÖÃÓйأ©,ÓÐЩÏòÁ¿ÓëÆäÆðµãÎÞ¹Ø.
×ÔÓÉÏòÁ¿? ÓÉÓÚÒ»ÇÐÏòÁ¿µÄ¹²ÐÔÊÇËüÃǶ¼ÓдóСºÍ·½Ïò? ËùÒÔÔÚÊýѧÉÏÎÒÃÇÖ»Ñо¿ÓëÆðµãÎ޹صÄÏòÁ¿? ²¢³ÆÕâÖÖÏòÁ¿Îª×ÔÓÉÏòÁ¿? ¼ò³ÆÏòÁ¿? Òò´Ë? Èç¹ûÏòÁ¿aºÍbµÄ´óСÏàµÈ? ÇÒ·½ÏòÏàͬ? Ôò˵ÏòÁ¿aºÍbÊÇÏàµÈµÄ? ¼ÇΪa ? b? ÏàµÈµÄÏòÁ¿¾¹ýƽÒƺó¿ÉÒÔÍêÈ«ÖغÏ?
ÏòÁ¿µÄ´óС½Ð×öÏòÁ¿µÄÄ£?
ÏòÁ¿a¡¢a¡¢ABµÄÄ£·Ö±ð¼ÇΪ|a|¡¢|a|¡¢|AB|? Ä£µÈÓÚ1µÄÏòÁ¿½Ð×öµ¥Î»ÏòÁ¿?
Ä£µÈÓÚ0µÄÏòÁ¿½Ð×öÁãÏòÁ¿? ¼Ç×÷0»ò0? ÁãÏòÁ¿µÄÆðµãÓëÖÕµãÖغÏ? ËüµÄ·½Ïò¿ÉÒÔ¿´×÷ÊÇÈÎÒâµÄ?
Á½¸ö·ÇÁãÏòÁ¿Èç¹ûËüÃǵķ½ÏòÏàͬ»òÏà·´? ¾Í³ÆÕâÁ½¸öÏòÁ¿Æ½ÐÐ? ÏòÁ¿aÓëbƽÐÐ? ¼Ç×÷a // b? ÁãÏòÁ¿ÈÏΪÊÇÓëÈκÎÏòÁ¿¶¼Æ½ÐÐ?
µ±Á½¸öƽÐÐÏòÁ¿µÄÆðµã·ÅÔÚͬһµãʱ? ËüÃǵÄÖÕµãºÍ¹«¹²µÄÆðµãÔÚÒ»ÌõÖ±ÏßÉÏ? Òò´Ë? Á½ÏòÁ¿Æ½ÐÐÓÖ³ÆÁ½ÏòÁ¿¹²Ïß?
ÀàËÆ»¹ÓÐÏòÁ¿¹²ÃæµÄ¸ÅÄî? ÉèÓÐk(k?3)¸öÏòÁ¿? µ±°ÑËüÃǵÄÆðµã·ÅÔÚͬһµãʱ? Èç¹ûk¸öÖÕµãºÍ¹«¹²ÆðµãÔÚÒ»¸öƽÃæÉÏ? ¾Í³ÆÕâk¸öÏòÁ¿¹²Ãæ?
¡¶¿Õ¼ä½âÎö¼¸ºÎÓëÏòÁ¿´úÊý¡·- 2 -
??????????
¶þ¡¢ÏòÁ¿µÄÏßÐÔÔËËã
1£® ÏòÁ¿µÄ¼Ó¼õ·¨
ÏòÁ¿µÄ¼Ó·¨? ÉèÓÐÁ½¸öÏòÁ¿aÓëb? ƽÒÆÏòÁ¿Ê¹bµÄÆðµãÓëaµÄÖÕµãÖغÏ? ´Ëʱ´ÓaµÄÆðµãµ½bµÄÖÕµãµÄÏòÁ¿c³ÆΪÏòÁ¿aÓëbµÄºÍ? ¼Ç×÷a+b? ¼´c?a+b .
ÉÏÊö×÷³öÁ½ÏòÁ¿Ö®ºÍµÄ·½·¨½Ð×öÏòÁ¿¼Ó·¨µÄÈý½ÇÐη¨Ôò?
ƽÐÐËıßÐη¨Ôò?
µ±ÏòÁ¿aÓëb²»Æ½ÐÐʱ? ƽÒÆÏòÁ¿Ê¹aÓëbµÄÆðµãÖغÏ? ÒÔa¡¢bΪÁÚ±ß×÷һƽ
?c C ?b
?b D ?c C
A
?a
B
A ?a B
ÐÐËıßÐÎ? ´Ó¹«¹²Æðµãµ½¶Ô½ÇµÄÏòÁ¿µÈÓÚÏòÁ¿aÓëbµÄºÍa?b? ?
ÏòÁ¿¼Ó·¨µÄÔËËã¹æÂÉ? (1)½»»»ÂÉa?b?b?a?
(2)½áºÏÂÉ(a?b)?c?a?(b?c)?
ÕâÊÇÒòΪ£¬°´ÏòÁ¿¼Ó·¨µÄ¹æ¶¨£¨Èý½ÇÐη¨Ôò£©£¬¿É¼û£º
a?b?AB+BC?AC= c ? b+a=AD+DC= c,
ËùÒÔ·ûºÏ½»»»ÂÉ.ÀàËƺÜÈÝÒ×Ö¤Ã÷½áºÏÂÉÒ²ÊdzÉÁ¢µÄ£¨¼ûÓÒͼ£©.
ÓÉÓÚÏòÁ¿µÄ¼Ó·¨·ûºÏ½»»»ÂÉÓë½áºÏÂÉ? ¹Ên¸öÏòÁ¿a1? a2? ? ? ?? an(n ?3)Ïà¼Ó¿Éд³É
a1?a2? ? ? ??an?
²¢°´ÏòÁ¿Ïà¼ÓµÄÈý½ÇÐη¨Ôò? ¿ÉµÃn¸öÏòÁ¿Ïà¼ÓµÄ ·¨ÔòÈçÏÂ? ʹǰһÏòÁ¿µÄÖÕµã×÷Ϊ´ÎÒ»ÏòÁ¿µÄÆðµã? Ïà¼Ì×÷ÏòÁ¿a1? a2? ? ? ?? an? ÔÙÒÔµÚÒ»ÏòÁ¿µÄÆðµãΪ Æðµã? ×îºóÒ»ÏòÁ¿µÄÖÕµãΪÖÕµã×÷Ò»ÏòÁ¿?Õâ¸öÏòÁ¿ ¼´ÎªËùÇóµÄºÍ? £¨¼ûÓÒͼ£©
ÉèaΪһÏòÁ¿? ÓëaµÄÄ£Ïàͬ¶ø·½ÏòÏà·´µÄÏòÁ¿½Ð×öaµÄ¸ºÏòÁ¿? ¼ÇΪ?a?
¡¶¿Õ¼ä½âÎö¼¸ºÎÓëÏòÁ¿´úÊý¡·- 3 -
?????????????????????
ÏòÁ¿µÄ¼õ·¨?
ÎÒÃǹ涨Á½¸öÏòÁ¿bÓëaµÄ²îΪ
b?a?b?(?a)£¬
¼´°ÑÏòÁ¿?a¼Óµ½ÏòÁ¿bÉÏ? ±ãµÃbÓëaµÄ²îb?a? ? ÌرðµØ? µ±b?aʱ? ÓÐ
??a
?b
?b
?a
??b?a
??b?a
a?a?a?(?a)?0?
ÏÔÈ»? ÈθøÏòÁ¿AB¼°µãO? ÓÐ
AB?AO?OB?OB?OA?
??????Òò´Ë? Èô°ÑÏòÁ¿aÓëbÒƵ½Í¬Ò»ÆðµãO? Ôò´ÓaµÄÖÕµãAÏòbµÄÖÕµãBËùÒýÏòÁ¿AB±ãÊÇÏòÁ¿bÓëaµÄ²îb?a ?
Èý½Ç²»µÈʽ?
ÓÉÈý½ÇÐÎÁ½±ßÖ®ºÍ´óÓÚµÚÈý±ßµÄÔÀí? ÓÐ
|a?b|?|a|?|b|¼°|a?b|?|a|?|b|?
ÆäÖеȺÅÔÚbÓëaͬÏò»ò·´Ïòʱ³ÉÁ¢?
2£® ÏòÁ¿ÓëÊýµÄ³Ë·¨
ÏòÁ¿ÓëÊýµÄ³Ë·¨µÄ¶¨Òå?
ÏòÁ¿aÓëʵÊý?µÄ³Ë»ý¼Ç×÷?a? ¹æ¶¨?aÊÇÒ»¸öÏòÁ¿? ËüµÄÄ£|?a|?|?||a|? ËüµÄ·½Ïòµ±?>0ʱÓëaÏàͬ? µ±?<0ʱÓëaÏà·´?
µ±??0ʱ? |?a|?0? ¼´?aΪÁãÏòÁ¿? ÕâʱËüµÄ·½Ïò¿ÉÒÔÊÇÈÎÒâµÄ?
ÌرðµØ? µ±???1ʱ? ÓÐ
1a?a? (?1)a??a?
ÔËËã¹æÂÉ?
(1) ½áºÏÂÉ ?(?a)??(?a)?(??)a£»
ÕâÊÇÒòΪÓÉÏòÁ¿ÓëÊýµÄ³Ë»ýµÄ¹æ¶¨¿ÉÖª,ÏòÁ¿?(?a),?(?a),(??)a¶¼ÊÇƽÐеÄÏò
¡¶¿Õ¼ä½âÎö¼¸ºÎÓëÏòÁ¿´úÊý¡·- 4 -
?