发布时间 : 星期日 文章英语八级翻译更新完毕开始阅读
本文中有相当多的四字词组，比如“横行霸道、打入冷宫、百花怒放、宾客云集、笑语四溢、大千世界”，其中一部分带有鲜明的中国文化特色，对它们的翻译构成了第一个难点，请参看翻译要点评析。另外，本文由四句构成，可每一句都包含至少四个分层，如何正确的组句构成了第二个难点，请注意对比原文与参考译文，看连接方式。
【翻译要点评析】
1. “横行霸道”在英语中有着许多表达方式，比如： run amuck, like a tyrant, run wild, lord
it over, gangsterism, gun law, play the bully, acting like an overlord。它们主要与以下喻体有关：lord（统治者，君主，贵族），tyrant（暴君），gangster（歹徒，匪徒），bully（恃强凌弱）。根据上下文，（我）“在家中横行霸道”，用lord， tyrant，gangster等的比喻不合适，用bully的比喻合适，比如play the bully at home，还可以用run wild（变野蛮，放肆起来），用run amuck就太过分了，原文中的“我”还没有到“要杀人”的程度。
2. “隔离”一般翻译为“isolate; segregate”，“隔离病人”为“isolate the patient”；“隔离审
查”为“take sb. into custody and put him under investigation”；“种族隔离”为“racial segregation”。此处“我”生病隔离，选“isolate”。“拘禁”字面意思是“take into custody; put under arrest; imprison; put in jail”。此处父母并不是真的“囚禁”了我，用“拘禁”二字只是表明了作者当时那种委屈的心情，事实上应该是“局限在、关在”的意思，应译为“be confined to; be kept in”。
3. “打入冷宫”中的“冷宫”：戏曲、旧小说中指君主安置失宠的后妃的地方，现在比喻
存放不用的东西的地方。在此，“打入冷宫”指失宠（fall into disfavor），或受冷遇（to be in disfavor），可以意译为“loss of favour，out of favor，in disfavor，fall into disgrace，be neglected”等。切忌照字面翻译为“cold palace”，或者罗里罗嗦的用“拼音+加注”的方法来翻译，或者按汉语思维方式用比喻译为“like a deserted wife”等。
4. “郁郁不得志”中的“郁郁”形容忧伤苦闷，“不得志”指失意、失落，可以翻译为
“be in dismay; be in a dismal mood; be in low spirits; feel sad and gloomy; feel depressed; become melancholy”等。
5. “百花怒放”中的“怒”字切忌照字面翻译为愤怒，比如“a hundred of flowers
angrily(infuriately, violently)opened”。“怒放” 指（花朵）盛开，有时也用来形容心情非常高兴或愉快，比如心花怒放，此处指盛开，可翻译为“in full bloom”。“百花怒放”作为成语可翻译为“Hundreds of flowers are blooming in profusion.”。
6. “宾客云集”、“宾客如云”、“宾客盈门”都形容来客很多，如聚积的云层，如同充
满了家门，切忌依照汉语思维，照字面翻译为“The guests gathered like cloud”，翻译出“多”的意思就可以了。“笑语四溢”中的“笑语”指谈笑、玩笑的话（cheerful talk）；“四溢”指四散飘溢（waft），因此，“笑语四溢”可翻译为“Their cheerful talks wafted through in the air.”。
7. “大千世界”原为佛教用语，世界的千倍叫小千世界，小千世界的千倍叫中千世界，中
千世界的千倍叫大千世界。后来用来指广阔无边的世界。“大千世界”的字面义在英语中没有对应的，其比喻是可译的。“大千世界”的译文必须考虑与上下文中“（我在山坡的）小屋（里）”的“小屋”对比关系，即“大千”与“小屋”的对比关系。试译如下：In my little house on the slope, I quietly lifted the curtain to be met by a great and prosperous world with my elder brothers and sisters, and my cousins among the guests, all in jubilation。
8. 原文中“哥姐”、“堂表弟兄”要传达的信息与性别、长幼、父方还有母方等语义成分
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不大，原文的意图是作者等将“同辈亲属”的“喜气洋洋”与自己“郁郁不得志”之间的对比。原文的意图决定了译文的选择。因此，“哥姐”在这里译成“elder brothers and sisters”，“堂表弟兄”译成“cousins”反而在语用上得体。 9. “穿插其间”不能照字面翻译为“penetrate and insert in it”。它的一般译法“alternate; do
in turn; interweave; episode”显然也不合适。此处，“穿插其间”指（我的哥姐等）在宾客中间走过来、跑过去，根据上下文它强调的应该是他们在宾客中间而“我”不在，被，所以用一个介词“among”足以。
10. 汉语中表示情感的量词，主要用“股”和“阵”，英语中有相应的表达，例如：a cloud
of grief(suspicion), a fit(flood, gush, storm, thrill, wave) of anger。 “一阵??悲愤”的“一阵”可以在其中选择。可是大多数时候，一套、一阵、一片等数量词语只是用来帮助形成四字词组而已，翻译时完全可以省略。比如：（1）你知道他们的那一套说法。You know their argument。（2）房间里爆发出一阵大笑。The room exploded with laughter。（3）观众中响起一片掌声。Spectators break into applause。因此，原文中“一阵??悲愤”的“一阵”也可以省略不译。
【参考译文】
Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, getting things my way in the family. Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of a garden, I suddenly found myself in disfavor and my wings clipped. One spring evening, with myriads of flowers in full bloom in the garden, my parents held a garden party in honor of many guests, whose arrival at once filled the place with laughing chats. In the small house on the slope, I quietly lifted the curtain, only to be met by a great and prosperous world with my elder brothers and sisters and my cousins among the guests, all in jubilation. All at once, seized by a fit of forlorn rage, I could not help bursting into tears.
来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一 天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔 人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔 学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：\本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。\这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有 14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。
（参考译文）
Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful.
My supervisor (advisor / tutor) is of Asian origin who is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp (an irritable) temper. Nevertheless, he highly
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appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into the psychology of Asian students. Hence, of all the students recruited by his laboratory, except for one German, the rest five were all from Asia. He even put a striking notice on the door of his lab, which read, \the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10 AM to 12 PM. Nothing but work during the working hours.\entire campus for his severity and harshness. In the course of the 3 and half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed on until they graduated with their Ph. D. degrees.
In the summer of 1990, ignoring the remonstrations (admonishments / dissuasions) from others, I accepted my supervisor's sponsorship and embarked on the difficult journey of academic pursuit (undertaking further studies in the United States).
（原 文）
加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华， 成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量 达到8，000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。
温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。 加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国聚居地。
（参考译文）
In 1986, Vancouver, Canada, just marked its centennial anniversary, but the achievements made by the city in its urban development have already captured worldwide attention. To build up a city and model its economy on the basis of a harbor is the usual practice that port cities resort to for their existence and development. After a century's construction and development, Vancouver, which boasts of a naturally-formed ice-free harbor, has become an internationally celebrated port city, operating regular ocean liners with Asia, Oceania, Europe and Latin America. Its annual cargo-handling capacity reaches 80 million tons, with one third of the city's employed population engaged in trade and transportation business.
The glorious achievements of Vancouver is the crystallization (fruition)
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of the wisdom (intelligence) and the industry of the Vancouver people as a whole, including the contributions made by a diversity of ethnic minorities. Canada is a large country with a small population. Although its territory is bigger than that of China, it only has a population of less than 30 million people. Consequently, to attract and to accept foreign immigrants have become a national policy long observed by Canada. It can be safely asserted that, except for Indians, all Canadian citizens are foreign immigrants, differing only in the length of time they have settled in Canada. Vancouver, in particular, is one of the few most celebrated multi-ethnic cities in the world. At present, among the 1.8 million Vancouver residents, half of them are not native-born and one out of every four residents is from Asia. The 250,000 Chinese there have played a decisive role in facilitating the transformation of the Vancouver economy. Half of them have come to settle in Vancouver only over the past five years, making Vancouver the largest area outside Asia where the Chinese concentrate.
The prosperity of Vancouver, to which many ethnic groups have contributed, is the crystallization of its people’s wisdom and industriousness. Canada, a sparsely populated big country, has a territory larger than that of China, but only a population of less than 30 million. Admitting immigrants has therefore become the long-term national policy pursued by Canada. It is safe to say that the Canadians, aside from the Indians, are all immigrants, who differ from each other only in how long they have lived in the country. Vancouver is one of the few multinational cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million residents in Vancouver, half were born outside the country, and of every four residents one comes from Asia. The 250 thousand Chinese immigrants have played a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver. Half of them have come to the Vancouver area within the past five years, turning it into the largest Chinese settlement outside of Asia.
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