发布时间 : 星期二 文章江苏省南京市、盐城市2017届高三第二次模拟考试 英语 Word版含答案 - 图文更新完毕开始阅读
? ? ? ? Do not lean on glass cases; they are fragile. Our passages are narrow; keep them accessible for other visitors. Cell phones are permitted for phone calls in the ground and third floor lobbies. Personal photography is allowed; however, the use of flash and tripods is not permitted in the galleries. Commercial photography or video cameras are not permitted without written permission. 56. If two college students with Massachusetts I.D. go to Boston for a visit, what is their lowest possible
admission price to the Harvard Museum of Natural History? A. $6. B. $9. C. $20. D. $24.
57. Which of the following is TRUE about visiting the Harvard Museum of Natural History?
A. Visitors are free to take photos of all its exhibits. B. Visitors are prohibited from making phone calls. C. Visitors can park in the street as long as they pay. D. Visitors can make parking reservations on weekdays.
B
Grant Wood’s American Gothic is a painting that’s puzzled generations who’ve stopped to wonder at the real meaning behind it. We all know it: a serious-looking couple in front of their gothic-arched wooden house—in a style called Carpenter’s Gothic, for which the painting is named.
It was painted in 1930, when US artists were inspired to paint realist scenes of rural America during the Depression in a style that became known as Regionalism.
The couple are identified either as a farmer and his wife, or as a daughter with her unsmiling and over-protective father. Wood’s sister, Nan, who posed for the picture, always insisted the two were father and daughter, perhaps finding the age gap too improper. The relationship has always remained interestingly conflicting.
Unlike her elder companion’s fixed stare, the woman glances off to the side. Her expression is actually difficult to determine. She looks sorrowful, or perhaps uncomfortable, though her straitlaced primness (拘谨保守的古板) is weakened by an escaping coil of hair at the back of her neck. As if holding guard against those anticipated intruders (侵入者)—probably, protecting his daughter-wife’s virtue, though she doesn’t seem particularly happy about it—the man holds a pitchfork in a soldier-like fashion. And that is what lends the work its uneasy (不协调的) comedy. Everything about it is an artful set-up.
First of all, Nan never actually posed with the man in the picture, nor are they in any way related. Wood had spotted the house during a drive to the town of Eldon in Iowa. It immediately gave him an idea. “That idea was to find two people who, by their straitlaced characters, would be suitable for such a home,” he later explained. The couple were actually painted separately, and neither sitter was painted in front of the house. The farmer, as you might have already guessed, isn’t actually a farmer, but a certain Dr Bryon McKeeby, a wealthy dentist from Cedar Rapids, where Wood lived with his mother and sister. The couple’s clothing too has been carefully handpicked by the artist.
In addition, both their faces, Nan’s in particular, have been thinned and lengthened, as has the famous gothic window and roof. And, if you look carefully, you might even detect something funereal about the scene, beyond the tombstone features of the couple. It’s suggested by the woman’s primly buttoned black dress, and in the man’s smart black overcoat.
Some thought the work mercilessly laughed at the lifestyle in the Midwest. Meanwhile, some critics praised the painting as a cutting small-town satire (讽刺). Still others saw the painting as honoring the Midwest and its strong values.
Regarding the painting’s comic tone, Wood himself gave contradictory accounts. “There is satire in it,” he once said, “but only as there is satire in any realistic statement.” Perhaps it is this ambiguity that has made the painting the most symbolic in US history. 58. What is uncertain about American Gothic?
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A. The identity of the models. B. The characters’ relationship. C. How the painting got its name. D. Where the background house was. 59. What indicates the woman’s straitlaced primness? A. Her glancing off to the side. B. Her carefully buttoned black dress. C. The determination in her expression. D. The escaping coil of hair at the back of her neck. 60. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Ambiguity is an essential part of any good painting. B. It is beyond doubt that the painting has a comic tone. C. The statement that Wood himself gave clarifies nothing. D. American Gothic is the most controversial in US history.
C
Last year Congress issued a moral call to action when it ordered the National Institutes of Health to reevaluate its ethical oversight (伦理上的疏忽) of government-funded primate (灵长类) research. Although the scientific community widely sees nonhuman primates as essential for advances in biomedicine (they have caused major gains in the fights against AIDS and neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s, for example), researchers agree more can be done to treat the animals more humanely and conduct research less wastefully. To that end, the NIH gathered famous scientists last September to discuss the future of primate-based research—and they agreed that data sharing is the way forward.
Researchers could reduce experiments on nonhuman primates by studying data that have already been collected to answer new questions, says David O’Connor, a pathologist at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. O’Connor is walking the walk: his laboratory studies the Zika virus in primates, and he immediately posts all the results online. The goal is to figure out ways to fight Zika as quickly as possible without placing an undue burden on research primates. The Seattle-based Allen Institute for Brain Science, which uses rhesus macaques, small South Asian monkeys, to study the molecular basis of brain development, also makes all results public. O’Connor says this practice should be more widespread so that “researchers who are using this scarce but vital resource can learn as much as possible from as few animals as necessary.” Still, he is skeptical that data sharing will catch on because it would require a change in “normative behavior”—science’s strong culture of secrecy, in which data are kept under wraps until they are published in a peer-reviewed journal. One step toward full transparency is to follow the lead of human clinical trials, says Christine Grady, a bioethicist at the NIH. U.S. law requires most clinical trials to register online and make their results public, even if a study fails or is inconclusive. This ensures that other researchers can learn from a trial regardless of its results—a move that could also safeguard primates against being used for the same thing twice. Nancy Haigwood, director of the Oregon National Primate Research Center, also says data sharing is “the way of the future.” Her center hosts 4,800 primates to study a variety of human diseases. She currently contributes results from her center to O’Connor’s Web site. “I don’t see a drawback,” she says. “We have to share data more quickly.” 61. What does Congress think of the primate research? A. It has done a great deal of good to advances in biomedicine. B. It is a huge waste of money to conduct research on primates. C. Primate-based research must be stopped for moral reasons. D. Proper attention should be given to treating primates humanely.
62. The underlined phrase “walking the walk” in Paragraph 2 shows that O’Connor _______. A. is the leader in fighting Zika virus in primates B. is walking away from his own responsibility C. is carrying out what he has said he should do D. is taking a tough road when posting his data
63. According to O’Connor, what might prevent scientists from sharing their data? A. The deep-rooted culture that data should be kept secret until published. B. The fact that scientists are reluctant to change their way of research. C. The requirement that most clinical trials should be registered online.
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D. The fear that they will be laughed at if a study fails or is inconclusive. 64. What could be the best title for the passage? A. The Merciless Practice of Primate Research B. To Treat Primates More Humanely: Transparency C. To Abandon Experiments on Primates: Final Goal D. The Burden of Research on Nonhuman Primates
D
You’ve probably heard such reports. The number of college students majoring in the humanities (人文学科) is decreasing quickly. The news has caused a flood of high-minded essays criticizing the development as a symbol of American decline.
The bright side is this: The destruction of the humanities by the humanities is, finally, coming to an end. No more will literature, as part of an academic curriculum, put out the light of literature. No longer will the reading of, say, “King Lear” or D.H. Lawrence’s “Women in Love” result in the annoying stuff of multiple-choice quizzes, exam essays and homework assignments.
The discouraging fact is that for every college professor who made Shakespeare or Lawrence come alive for the lucky few, there were countless others who made the reading of literary masterpieces seem like two hours in the dentist’s chair.
The remarkably insignificant fact that, a half-century ago, 14% of the undergraduate population majored in the humanities (mostly in literature, but also in art, philosophy, history, classics and religion) as opposed to 7% today has given rise to serious reflections on the nature and purpose of an education in the liberal arts.
Such reflections always come to the same conclusion: We are told that the lack of a formal education, mostly in literature, leads to numerous harmful personal conditions, such as the inability to think critically, to write clearly, to be curious about other people and places, to engage with great literature after graduation, to recognize truth, beauty and goodness.
These serious anxieties are grand, admirably virtuous and virtuously admirable. They are also a mere fantasy. The college teaching of literature is a relatively recent phenomenon. Literature did not even become part of the university curriculum until the end of the 19th century. Before that, what came to be called the humanities consisted of learning Greek and Latin, while the Bible was studied in church as the necessary other half of a full education. No one ever thought of teaching novels, stories, poems or plays in a formal course of study. They were part of the leisure of everyday life.
It was only after World War II that the study of literature as a type of wisdom, relevant to actual, contemporary life, put down widespread institutional roots. Soldiers returning home in 1945 longed to make sense of their lives after what they had witnessed and survived. The abundant economy afforded them the opportunity and the time to do so. Majoring in English hit its peak, yet it was this very popularity of literature in the university that spelled its doom, as the academicization of literary art was accelerated.
Literature changed my life long before I began to study it in college. Books took me far from myself into experiences that had nothing to do with my life, yet spoke to my life. But once in the college classroom, this precious, alternate life inside me got thrown back into that dimension of my existence that bored me. Homer, Chekhov and Yeats were reduced to right and wrong answers, clear-cut themes and clever interpretations. If there is anything to worry about, it should be the disappearance of what used to be an important part of every high-school education: the literature survey course, where books were not academically taught but thoroughly introduced—an experience unaffected by stupid commentary and useless testing.
The literary classics are places of quiet, useless stillness in a world that despises (鄙视) any activity that is not profitable or productive. Literature is too sacred to be taught. It needs only to be read.
Soon, if all goes well and literature at last disappears from the undergraduate curriculum—my fingers are crossed—increasing numbers of people will be able to say that reading the literary masterworks of the past outside the college classroom, simply in the course of living, was, in fact, their college classroom.
65. The author mentions “two hours in the dentist’s chair” in Paragraph 3 to indicate that _______. A. the average literature class in college is two hours long B. reading literary works is made unbearable by professors C. it actually does not take long to read the classics of literature
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D. college students don’t spend much time on literary masterworks 66. The sharp drop in the number of majors in the humanities _______. A. has given rise to quite a shock in the intellectual world B. promises the remarkable destruction of the humanities C. shows more people read literature outside the classroom D. has caused the author to reflect on the nature of literary creation 67. Which of the following opinions may the author hold? A. The disappearance of literature should be strongly applauded. B. Literature teaching can improve our critical thinking ability. C. Reading literature doesn’t require specialized knowledge and skills. D. Literature should be taught through analyzing different writing styles.
68. According to the author, the problem of literature teaching lies in the fact that _______. A. it is a relatively recent phenomenon in education B. literature teaching is not profitable or productive C. people are interested in something more practical D. it is turned into a soulless competition for grades 69. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To urge college students to read more literary classics. B. To introduce the present situation of literature teaching. C. To voice his opinion on the shrinkage of literature teaching. D. To show his serious concern for college literature teaching. A. skeptical
B. sympathetic
C. aggressive
D. straightforward
70. The overall tone of the passage is _______.
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“HELL is a city much like London,” said Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819. Modern academics agree. Last year Dutch researchers showed that city dwellers (居民) have a 21% higher risk of suffering from anxiety disorders than do their calmer rural countrymen, and a 39% higher risk of suffering from mood disorders. But exactly how the inner workings of the urban and rural minds cause this difference has remained unclear—until now. A study just published in Nature by Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg of the University of Heidelberg and his colleagues has used a scanning technique called functional magnetic-resonance imaging (机能性磁共振成像，简称fMRI) to examine the brains of city dwellers and countrymen when they are under stress.
In Dr Meyer-Lindenberg’s first experiment, participants lying with their heads in a scanner took maths tests that they were bound to fail (the researchers had designed success rates to be just 25-40%). To make the experience still more embarrassing, the team provided negative feedback through headphones, all the while checking participants for indications of stress, such as high blood pressure.
The city people’s general mental health did not differ from that of the rural countrymen. However, their brains dealt with the stress caused by the experimenters in different ways. These differences were noticeable in two regions: the amygdalas (杏仁核) and the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (前扣带皮层，简称pACC).
People living in the countryside had the lowest levels of activity in their amygdalas. Those living in towns had higher levels. City dwellers had the highest. In the case of the pACC, however, what mattered was not where someone was living now, but where he or she was brought up. The more urban a person’s childhood, the more active his pACC, regardless of where he was dwelling at the time of the experiment.
The amygdalas thus seem to respond to the here-and-now while the pACC is programmed early on, and does not react in the same, flexible way as the amygdalas. Second-to-second changes in its activity might, though, be
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