发布时间 : 星期三 文章初一至初三 - 英语语法大全更新完毕开始阅读
we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。) / They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他们坐在那儿,互相都不说话。)
10、疑问代词:用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。
1、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首。
口语中也常用who代替whom作宾语,但在介词后则只能用whom。如:
Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚会的?) / What does she want to be when she grows up?(她长大了想干什么?)
2、who 和whom只能独立使用,其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom只能作谓语动词的宾语;
而what、which、whose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。如: Who is that man?(那男的是谁?) / What colour are their hats?(他们的帽子是什么颜色?) / Which car was made in Germany?(哪辆车是德国造的?)(被动句)
注意这个提问:The man in the car is my father.(车里的男人是我父亲)
→Which man is your father?(哪个男人是你的父亲?)
3、which除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行
提问。如:People there live a very sad life.(那里的人生活凄惨) →Which people live a sad life? (哪些人生活凄惨?)/ --Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?(为了度假你预订了哪家旅馆?)
—The biggest one in Haikou.(海口最大的那家旅馆)
4、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数;如果修饰名词,则以名词的单复
数为准。如:Who is (are) in that playhouse?(谁在游戏房里?) / What is that? (那是什么?)/ What
are those? (那些是什么?) / What colours do they have?(它们有哪些颜色?)
四、数词: 1、分类:数词有基数词和序数词两种。英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。 2、基数词:表示数目的词叫基数词。
1、 英语中常用的基数词有:
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
one two
20 30 40 50 60
23 35
twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety
three 13 four five six
14 15 16
thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen
twenty-three
thirty-five
seven 17 eight 18 nine
19
seventeen 70 eighteen nineteen
80 90
10 ten 11 eleve12 n
100 one(a) hundred
101 one hundred and one
twelve
1000→one(a) thousand,10000→ ten thousand,100000→one hundred thousand ,1000000→one million,10000000→ten million, 100000000→one hundred million, 108→one hundred and eight, 146→one hundred and forty-six, 500→five hundred , 1001→one thousand and one, 1813→one thousand eight hundred and thirteen. 2、[注]:(1)百位与十位之间要加and;十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加and。
(2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用
thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。
(3) hundred、 thousand、 million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one, two, …等其它数词。用
作名词时复数表示?成…上…?,后面必须要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等词。如:five hundred(五百), hundreds of(成百上千的), ten thousand(一万), thousands of(成千上万的), millions of(成百万的)
3、序数词:表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
1、 英语的序数词基本变法:
(1) 一般在基数词后加th,(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth,(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth,(4)熟记特殊词。 2、序数词如下:
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1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th ※first ※
20th 30th 40th 50th 60th
21st twenty-first twenty-second twenty-third thirty-fifth one hundred and first
twentieth 22nd thirtieth 23rd fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth
35th second 13th thirteentth※third 14 h
fourth fifth sixth
15th fourteent16th h
17th fifteenth 70th seventh 18th sixteenth 80th eighth
19th seventeen th eighteenth nineteenth
90th 100th eightieth ninetieth one undredth
10th ninth 11th tenth 12th eleventh twelfth
101st 1000th→one thousandth, 1000000th →one millionth., 第703→the seven hundred and third, 第5480→the five thousand four hundred and eightieth. 3、注:(1)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。如:thirty-sixth,
(2) 使用序数词时一般加定冠词the. 如:I’m in the third grade.
(3) 序数词作?几分之几?讲时,有复数形式。如:1/5→one fifth ; 2/3→ two thirds ; 4/7→ four sevenths ; 1/2→ a half ; 1/4→a quarter ; 3/4→ three quarters ; 50%→ fifty hundredths ( fifty per cent). 4、数词的用法:
1、表示年份:2002: twenty thousand and two ; 1976 : nineteen seventy-six. 2、表示日期: 12月1日: Dec.1st或the first of December;2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002. 3、表示时刻: 5:15→ five fifteen或a quarter past five ; 8:30→ eight thirty或half past eight ; 10:45→ ten forty-five或a quarter to eleven. 4、表示编号:Room 105→Room one 0 five; Bus No.13→Bus Number Thirteen; P.5→Page Five; Tel.No.7658659
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→Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine 5、小数的读法:5.7→ five point seven, 0.16 →zero point one six.
6、?半?的表达: 1/2→half, 半小时→half an hour, 1.5小时→one and a half hours或one hour and a half. 7、序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示?再一、又一?。如:The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三课相当难)/ Shall we read the text a third time?(我们把课文读第三遍,好吗?)
五、冠词 1、冠词分类及读法:
英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。定冠词
the读法:单独念时读[Ti:],在句子中常发[Ti ](元音之前)或者[T[](辅音之前);
不定冠词a/an的读法:单独念时读 [ei ]/[An ];在句子中常发 [[]/[[n]。 2、不定冠词a / an的用法:
不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。 不定冠词的基本用法:
(1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗
躺在地上。)
(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如:A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮
多了。)(不能译为:一头大象比一个人强壮。)
(2) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如:He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。)
(4) 表示?一?这个数量。如:There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有
一张桌子和四把椅子。)
(5) 几个用不定冠词的习语:a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种),
a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休
息)一会儿,等等。
3、定冠词the的用法:定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。
定冠词的基本用法:
(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如:The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰
克)
(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)
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