发布时间 : 星期一 文章土木工程专业英语课后答案更新完毕开始阅读
（3）Water-cement ratio 水灰比 （4）The stability of the structure结构稳定
（5）The expansion joint 伸缩缝 （6）Moisture content 含水量
（7）Cement paste 水泥浆
（8）The coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete 混凝土热膨胀系
（9）Permanent plastic strain 永久塑性应变 （10）The fatigue strength of concrete 混凝土疲劳强度 3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese.
(1)The cause of the volume changes in concrete can be attributed to changes in moisture content, chemical reaction of the cement with water, variation in temperature, and applied loads.
混凝土的体积变化的原因可以归结为水分含量,水泥和水的化学反应，温度以及施加荷载的变化。
(2)High-early-strength and low-heat cement show more shrinkage than normal Portland cement.
高早强和低热水泥显示超过普通硅酸盐水泥收缩。
(3)The greater the aggregate content, the smaller is the shrinkage. 骨料含量越大，收缩越小。
(4)Therefore, cracks may develop in concrete when a high percentage of steel is used.
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因此，当使用高比例的钢铁时将可能产生混凝土裂缝。
(5)Generally, concrete shrinks at a high rate during the initial period of hardening, but at later stages the rate diminishes gradually.
一般来说，在硬化过程中初期率很高，但在稍后阶段混凝土收缩率逐渐减小。
（6）Under sustained load, plastic deformation continues to develop over a period that may last for years.
持续负荷下，塑性变形继续发展一段时间，可能持续数年。 (7)Creep increases with an increase of stress in specimens made from concrete of the same strength and with the same duration of load. 与标本中增加的压力增大制成的蠕变相同强度混凝土和时间相同的负载
与标本中的压力相同强度的混凝土，并与负荷增加同一时间作出蠕变增加
(8)Creep is reduced with an increase in the humidity of the ambient air 蠕变的减少是由于在周围的空气湿度增加
(9) Creep is decreases with an increase in the size of the tested specimen.
蠕变是一个经过测试的试件尺寸增大而减小.
(10)High-temperature steam curing of concrete as well as per use of a plasticizer will reduce the amount of creep.
高温蒸汽作为增塑剂正确使用混凝土养护将减少蠕变量.
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5、Translate the following sentence into English.
（1）如果通过蒸发失去水分，混凝土就会收缩，但在水中硬化则会膨胀。
If it loses moisture(水份) by evaporation(蒸发),concrete shrinks, but if the concrete
hardens in water, it expands.
（2）影响混凝土收缩的因素很多，如水泥和水的含量、骨料的级配以及环境条件等。
Many factors influence the shrinkage of concrete such as cement and water content、
gradation(等级) of aggregate and ambient conditions and so on。 （3）混凝土拌合物中的水泥含量越多或含水量越多，收缩量则越大。 The more cement or water content in the concrete mix, the greater the shrinkage.
（4）混凝土不是热的良导体，而钢筋是。
Concrete is not a good conductor of heat, whereas steel is a good one.
（5）在荷载作用期间，大约80%的徐变产生在前4个月内，大约2年后完成90%的徐变。
Creep increases with the loading period. About 80% of the creep occurs within the first 4
months;90%occurs after about 2 years.
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Unite 6
2、Translate the following phrases into Chinese /English .
（1）the magnitude of the applied load 所施加负荷的大小 （6）悬挂结构 suspension structure
（2）quasi-static loading 拟静力荷载 （7）应力应变成正比 stress is proportional to strain
（3）planar loading 平面结构 （8）结构的变形 the deformation of the structure
（4）planar loading 面荷载 （9）分析模型 analytical model
（5）plastic material 塑性材料 （10）弹性材料 elastic material
3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese.
(1)Furthermore, it is the need for a safe, serviceable, feasible, and aesthetically pleasing fulfillment of a function that dictates(指示) the form, material, and manner of loading of a structure.
此外，满足结构安全性、适用性、可行性以及美观这一功能的需要决定了结构的形式，材料和加载方式。
(2)Fig.6.1 illustrates schematically(按图说明) the relationships among the function a structure is to fulfill, the form and material and loading on the structure, the behavior of the structure ,and the analytical model of the structure.
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