发布时间 : 星期二 文章江苏省无锡市普通高中2018届高三上学期期末考试英语试题及答案更新完毕开始阅读
publications — The Hobbit, and The Lord of the Rings. Tolkien himself, though, was largely informed by an ancient body of Anglo-Saxon myths — particularly Beowulf — but it was after his work that the genre began to receive the name, “fantasy”. J. R. R. Tolkien’s close friend C.S. Lewis, author of the The Chronicles of Narnia, also an English professor interested in similar themes, was also connected with popularizing the commercial success of the fantasy genre.
Outstanding authors in the genre who undertook popular fantasy works after Tolkien’s The Lord of The Rings phenomenon of the 1950s and 1960s appeared quickly. In recent years, the rate of female-to-male authors in a typically-stocked bookstore has skyrocketed, with female authors surpassing the volume of the male ones.
Fantasy has been famous from other forms of literature by its style. The fantasy world requires, like any genre, appropriate language, arid that language can vary. In various forms of fairytale fantasy, even the villain’s (坏人) language would be inappropriate if vulgar (粗俗的). Famous fantasy author Raymond E. Feist considered his genre to be one where “ordinary people” were placed in extraordinary situations, and writing about what would happen.
58. How many fantasy writers are mentioned in this passage? A. Five.
B. Six.
C. Seven.
D. Eight.
59. The underlined word “skyrocketed” in the third paragraph means . A. rise rapidly and suddenly C. rise slowly and steadily
B. drop rapidly and suddenly D. drop slowly and steadily
60. This passage is mainly about . A. the background of fantasy literature B. some famous works about fantasy literature C. the origin and its popularity of fantasy literature D. some outstanding authors of fantasy literature
C
Hold your smart phone, smile at the front camera, and click! You get a selfie. There is no doubt that this photo is yours. But if a monkey takes a selfie, does the camera owner have the right to decide how to use it?
Recently, this question has caused a problem between Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization, and British wildlife photographer David J. Slater.
In 2011, Slater was visiting a park in Indonesia when a macaque (猕猴) got hold of one of his cameras. “They were quite naughty, jumping all over my equipment,” Slater told The Telegraph, “and it looked like they were already posing for the camera when one hit the button.” The result was hundreds of monkey selfies. The best of images was a female macaque grinning toothily into the lens.
This week, the grinning monkey selfie returned to the news when Wikimedia refused Slater’s request to take the photos down from Wikimedia Commons, a website that is run by the organization and offers free images.
According to Wikimedia, anyone who downloads the monkey selfie, or any of the millions of images on the site, can copy and use any works here freely as long as they follow what the author says. The question that arose here was whether Slater, who had not held the camera, set up the shot, of pressed the shutter (快门), could be considered the photographer of the monkey selfie. Wikimedia’s position on this was clear: as the work of a non-human animal, this photo has no human author who owns the copyright.
Only authors of creative works, like a piece of writing or a song, own copyrights. In terms of photos, US copyright law says whoever pushes the button on the camera owns the copyright to the image produced, which means that if tourists ask you to take a photo of them, and you happen to hit the shutter button at the exact moment that Justin Bieber, a Canadian singer, made faces behind them, you, as the photographer, would have the photo’s copyright and sell it. The tourists, who own the camera on which the photo was
taken and asked you to take the photo don’t get the right to use it without you allowing them to. All this has been complicated by the appearance of surveillance cameras (监控摄像头), smart phones, and large scale photography projects (批量摄影项目) for which assistants often press the shutter button to produce works whose copyrights belong to their boss.
Slater seems to be thinking along these lines. He says that buying the cameras, spending thousands of pounds to transport himself to Indonesia, and allowing the monkeys to “steal” his cameras make him the author of the image, regardless of who pushed the button. “In law, if I have an assistant then I still own the copyright, he told the “Today” Show. “I believe in this case, the monkey was my assistant.”
But if one is to believe his own telling of the monkey stealing his camera, Slater didn’t ask the monkeys to take the selfies and finally took the camera away.
If that seems unfair, think about this. If a person left her laptop in a cafe, and a poet picked it up, opened up a word-processing program, and typed out a poem which turned out to be the best poem of this generation, could she ask for much more than her laptop back?
61. The monkey selfie, taken in 2011, returned to the spotlight because . A. Slater allowed people to download the photo for free
B. Slater allowed Wikimedia Commons to download the photo free of charge C. Wikimedia Commons refused to pay Slater any money for the photo on the website
D. Wikimedia Commons refused to take the photo down from the website despite Slater’s request 62. According to US copyright law, who might Wikimedia think owned the copyright of monkey photo? A. Slater.
B. Wikimedia. D. No one.
C. The monkey.
63. The author mentioned Justin Bieber and some special cases to show that . A. whoever pressed the button would have the photo’s copyright in any cases B. only the famous singer would have the copyright to have the image produced
C. only the owner of the camera would have the copyright of the photo even if he didn’t take it D. whoever pushed the button would have the copyright but in some special cases things were different 64. From the last paragraph we know that the author . A. supports Wikimedia
B. doesn’t show his attitude at all
C. shows great sympathy to Slater D
D. agrees with neither Wikimedia nor Slater
How well prepared would the person be if he were to call on a prospective customer for us? As I see it, there are four keys to getting hired.
Prepare to win. “If you miss one day of practice, you notice the difference,” the saying goes among musicians. “If you miss two days of practice, the critics notice the difference. If you miss three days of practice, the audience notice the difference.”
The Michael Jordans of the world have talent, yes, but they’re also the first ones on and the last ones off the basketball court. The same preparation applies in every form of human endeavor.
You won’t get every job you go after. The best salespeople don’t close every sale. Michael1 Jordan makes barely half of his field-goal attempts. But it takes no longer to prepare well for one interview than to wander in half-prepared for five. And your, prospects for success will be many times better.
Never stop learning. Recently I played a doubles tennis match paired with a 90-year-old. I wondered how things would work out; I shouldn’t have. We hammered our opponents 6-1, 6-1! As we were switching sides to play a third set, he said to me, “Do you mind if I play the backhand court? I always like to work on my weaknesses.” What a fantastic example of a person who has never stopped learning. Incidentally, we won the third set 6-1. As we walked off the court, my 90-year-old partner laughed and said, “I thought you’d like to know about my number-one ranking in doubles in the United States in my age bracket (年龄段), 85 and up!” He wasn9t thinking 90; he wasn’t even thinking 85. He was thinking number one.
Believe in yourself, even when no one else does. Do you remember the four-minute mile? (1) Athletes had been trying to do it for hundreds of years and finally decided it was physically impossible for humans. (2) Our bone structure was all wrong, our lung power inadequate. (3) Then one human proved the experts wrong. (4) Don’t ever let anyone tell you that you can’t accomplish your goals. Who says you’re not tougher, harder working and more able than your competitors? You see, a goal is a dream with a deadline: in writing, measurable, identifiable, and attainable.
Find a way to make a difference. In my opinion, the majority of New York cab drivers are unfriendly, if not downright rude. Most of the cabs are dirty, and almost all of them have an unacceptable, bulletproof partition (分隔). But recently I jumped into a cab at LaGuardia Airport and guess what? It was clean. There