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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
13 The plot and plot development is
equivalent to our sheerly musical plane. The playwright creates and develops a character in just the same way that a composer
creates and develops a theme. According to the degree of your awareness of the way in which the artist in either field handles his material will you become a more intelligent listener.
14 It is easy enough to see that the theatergoer never is conscious of any of these elements separately. He is aware of them all at the same time. The same is true of music listening. We simultaneously and without thinking listen on all three planes.
剧情以及剧情的发展相当于我们所说的纯音乐层次。 剧作家塑造和发展戏剧人物的方式，和作曲家创造和发展主题的方式是一样的。 你能否成为一个聪明的听众，取决于你对剧作家或音乐家处理艺术材料的手段的了解有多深。
显然，看戏的人从来就不会单独注意到这其中的一个元素。 他是同时注意到了一切。 听音乐的道理也是一样的，我们同时地、不假思索地在三个层次上倾听音乐。
Unit3-2
The mystery of Girl with a Pearl 《戴珍珠耳环的少女》之谜
Earring 《戴珍珠耳环的少女》是荷兰
1 The painting Girl with a Pearl Earring is 画家约翰尼斯 ? 维梅尔最伟大的
one of the greatest works by the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer, and one of the best loved paintings in the world. It shows a striking young woman wearing an exotic costume and a turban, peering over her shoulder straight out at the viewer. Set
against a dark and unspecified background, our eyes are drawn to her pearl earring, the focal point of the painting. But after more than a century of study, the work poses some fascinating questions. Who is the young woman? Is the painting a portrait of a real person, or a sitter representing more general attributes of womanhood? How old is she meant to be? Is the pearl real? What's the significance of the turban? What is she thinking as she stares out at us?
2 In general, very little is known about Vermeer. We know he was born in 1632, spent his entire life in Delft, and died in 1675. We know his work includes paintings of religious and mythological themes,
作品之一，也是世界上最受欢迎的画作之一。 画里有一位引人注目的年轻女子，身穿异国服饰，戴着头巾，她侧身回眸，望着欣赏画作的观众。 画面的背景一片漆黑，我们的视线被吸引到女子所佩戴的珍珠耳环上，那耳环也是整幅画的焦点。 这幅画在被世人研究了一个多世纪后，仍然留存着一些饶有趣味的问题待人们解答。 那位年轻女子是谁？这幅画到底是一幅真人肖像画，还是一幅表现女人普遍特征的模特画？她有多大年纪？那颗珍珠是真的吗？她戴的头巾有什么特殊含义吗？她回眸看着我们的时候到底在想些什么？
总的来说，有关维梅尔的记载很少。 我们知道他出生于1632年，一辈子都住在代尔夫特，于1675年逝世。 我们知道他的画作包括宗教及神话题材的画，室内家
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
domestic interiors and landscapes. He never seems to have been wealthy, perhaps because he produced relatively few paintings. His other well-known works include Girl Reading a Letter at an Open Window, and Woman with a Water Jug. 3 We also know that although he came from a Protestant family, he married a
Catholic girl Catharina, who insisted that he convert to Catholicism before they married and had 14 children.
4 As far as the Girl with a Pearl Earring is concerned, it seems that it wasn't meant to be a portrait, but a study of expressions, facial characteristics or other interesting features. It's true that the girl's face would probably not be considered beautiful in a conventional sense. If it had been a portrait, a painter would have worked harder to convey the sitter's beauty, even if it meant slightly distorting the truth! This kind of study was popular in Holland at the time, and would have been easy to sell. We don't know, however, if this painting was ever sold during Vermeer's lifetime. We don't even know if it was commissioned by Vermeer's patron, van Ruijven. If so, the model might have been one of his
daughters who was about the same age as the sitter. We know less about the Girl with the Pearl Earring than any of Vermeer's works. Indeed, the unexplainable lack of background information may even
contribute to the worldwide popularity the painting enjoys.
5 With so much mystery, the painting has been the theme of first, a novel and later, a film, both of which attempt to answer some of the questions about the painting, as well as one, which is immediately more
appropriate to the medium of the novel or the film: Are her wide eyes and enigmatic half-smile innocent or seductive?
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居画以及风景画。 他好像从来没富有过，可能是因为作品相对较少的缘故。 他的其他名画包括《在窗前读信的女孩》和《拿着水罐的女人》。
我们还知道，虽然他来自于一个新教家庭，却娶了一位信仰天主教的女孩凯瑟琳娜，凯瑟琳娜坚持要他改信天主教，然后才肯跟他结婚，婚后他们育有14个孩子。 《戴珍珠耳环的少女》这幅画似乎不是被当作肖像画来画的，而是一幅表现人物表情、面部特征，以及其他一些特点的习作。 的确，少女的那张脸在传统意义上或许算不上漂亮。 如果是一幅肖像画，画家会花更多的力气来表现被画者的美貌，即便那么做会有些背离事实！这种肖像画当时在荷兰很流行，而且可能也更容易出售。 然而，我们并不知道这幅画在维梅尔生前是否卖出去过。 我们甚至不清楚它是不是维梅尔的资助人范 ? 鲁文的委托之作。 如果是的话，画中的模特有可能是维梅尔的一个年龄相仿的女儿。 我们对《戴珍珠耳环的少女》的了解比对维梅尔的其他作品都少。 实际上，这种无法解释的背景资料的缺失甚至会使得该画更受欢迎。
正因为如此神秘，这幅画先是成了一部小说的主题，而后又被一部电影所采纳。它们都试图揭开有关这幅画的一些谜题，其中一个是：女孩那双睁得大大的眼睛，以及那一丝神秘的微笑，到底是天真还是诱惑？像小说或电影这类媒介更适合作出回答。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
6 Tracy Chevalier's novel, published in 1999, tells us the story of Griet, a
16-year-old Dutch girl who needs to start work in order to support her family. She becomes a maid in Vermeer's household, with its five children, grandmother, a
long-time servant, and Catharina, Vermeer's volatile wife. While Griet goes about her duties, she attracts the attention not only of 崔西 ? 雪佛兰于1999年出版的小说向我们讲述了一位16岁的荷兰女孩格里特的故事。 她必须去工作来养活家人，于是成了维梅尔家的一名女仆，和维梅尔的五个孩子、一位老佣人以及他喜怒无常的妻子凯瑟琳娜生活在一起。 在他家干活的时候，格里特不仅被一个屠夫的儿子彼得看上了，也引起a butcher's boy, Pieter, but also of the painter himself. Despite their different backgrounds and class, he invites her into his studio and engages her in his world. 7 At first Griet merely runs errands and performs tasks for Vermeer. But gradually, his relationship with her changes. Vermeer recognizes Griet as having visual talent and artistic promise, and takes her on as his
studio assistant. Griet is wary of her position in the Vermeer household but revels in
being encouraged to develop her skills. Her role is to grind paints and develop the colours which Vermeer will use for his paintings and when a model falls ill, she takes her place. Catharina has long been forbidden to enter the studio, so the
apprenticeship takes place in secret. Griet and Vermeer grow closer, although their feelings are never stated explicitly.
8 But then Vermeer's patron, the wealthy van Ruijven, who is attracted by Griet,
insists that the maid and he be the subjects of Vermeer's next commissioned work. Griet and Vermeer are reluctant to agree because of her strict modesty and the scandal caused by the last occasion van Ruijven was painted with a young woman. Eventually, Vermeer compromises and agrees to paint Griet on her own, wearing Catharina's pearl earrings. But while he is painting her, Vermeer sees Griet's hair,
which takes some of her modesty away and, deeply embarrassed, she runs to Pieter for
了画家本人的注意。 尽管他们有着不同的背景，隶属于不同的阶级，但维梅尔还是邀她进画室，并让她走入自己的世界。 起初，格里特只是帮维梅尔跑跑腿，干些杂活。 可渐渐地，他们的关系发生了变化。 维梅尔发现了格里特的视觉才能和艺术潜质，开始让她做画室助手。 格里特清楚自己在维梅尔家的地位，一直谨小慎微，但她还是对画家鼓励她学习绘画技巧而感到高兴。 她的工作是帮维梅尔磨颜料、调颜色，有模特生病的时候，她担当模特之职。 凯瑟琳娜很久之前就被禁止进入画室了，所以格里特的学徒生涯是在秘密中进行的。 格里特和维梅尔的关系日见亲密，虽然他们之间的感情从未被挑明过。
可是，维梅尔的那位有钱的资助人范 ? 鲁文喜欢上了格里特，他坚持要维梅尔在他定的下一幅画里为他和格里特画张双人像。 格里特和维梅尔都不情愿，因为格里特本人很矜持庄重，还因为范 ? 鲁文最近和一位年轻女子一起画像时传出了绯闻。 最终，维梅尔作了一点妥协，他答应为格里特画一幅单人像，并让她戴上凯瑟琳娜的珍珠耳环。 作画的时候，维梅尔看着格里特的头发，那一头秀发让她少了几分矜持庄重，格里特为此感到十分难堪，跑到彼得那里寻求
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
comfort.
9 One day Vermeer's daughter discovers that Griet has been modelling for her father, and tells her mother. Filled with jealousy, Catharina storms into the studio and demands to see the painting. Griet is embarrassed when Vermeer accuses Catharina of not understanding art, and decides to leave the Vermeer household. 10 Ten years later we understand that Griet has married Pieter, and has had children with him. In the meantime,
Vermeer has died and in his will, has left the earrings to Griet. She sells them to settle the debt due to the Vermeers by the butcher's shop when Griet and Pieter got married. 11 Tracy Chevalier's talent was to bring to life for modern readers the story of a young woman in a small city many centuries ago, and above all, to speculate on the answers to some of the questions which the painting provokes.
12 The novel was a best-seller, and
consequently was made into a film of the same name in 2003. Vermeer was played by Colin Firth, and Griet by Scarlett Johannson. The film shows very effectively the tension between the two when Vermeer pierces Griet's earlobes so she can wear his wife's pearl earrings for the portrait
commissioned by his patron. It ends with a scene not described in the novel, with the pearl earrings being mysteriously delivered to Griet, and we're left wondering if she ever marries Pieter.
13 The painting can be found in the Mauritshuis Museum in The Hague,
Holland. It has been described as the Mona Lisa of the north, precisely because, like Leonardo da Vinci's painting, now in Paris, it appears to be a simple likeness of a woman with an enigmatic smile, yet which contains
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安慰。 一天，维梅尔的女儿发现格里特在给他父亲当模特，就把这事告诉了她妈妈。 凯瑟琳娜顿生醋意，冲进画室，要求看那幅画。 维梅尔则指责凯瑟琳娜不懂艺术，此时的格里特处境很尴尬，她决定离开维梅尔家。
我们知道，十年后格里特嫁给了彼得，还为他生了孩子。 同时，维梅尔也去世了。他在遗嘱里把珍珠耳环留给了格里特。 在与彼得结婚时，格里特把珍珠耳环卖了，用来偿还彼得家的肉铺欠维梅尔的债。
崔西 ? 雪佛兰的才华在于她把几个世纪前一位生活在小城市的年轻女子的故事栩栩如生地展现在了现代读者的眼前；最重要的是，她对于那幅画所引发的某些问题给出了自己的思考。
这本小说很畅销，所以在2003年被改编成了同名电影。 维梅尔由科林 ? 弗思扮演，格里特由斯嘉丽 ? 约翰松扮演。 电影在描述维梅尔为格里特穿耳洞，为了让她戴上他妻子的珍珠耳环，然后来画那位资助人要的画时，非常到位地表现出他俩之间的紧张状态。 电影的结尾是小说里没有的，那副珍珠耳环被神秘地送到了格里特的手中，至于她是否会嫁给彼得，电影留下了悬念。
这幅画现在收藏于荷兰海牙的莫瑞泰斯皇家美术馆。 正是因为它像现馆藏于巴黎的列奥纳多 ? 达 ? 芬奇的画作一样，画了一位面带神秘微笑的女人，那微笑蕴藏着多层意义和疑问，它被誉为北方的《蒙娜丽莎》。 仅仅一幅画