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{
ulong a; *定义临时变量* a=zszssd; *求占空比* zkbd=a(a+1);
zkbg=1-zkbd;
P16=1; *输出高电平* d_ms(1000*zkbg); * P16=0; * d_ms(1000*zkbd); *}
void stop() *{ P0=0; P1=0; P2=0; TR0=0; TR1=0; }
void main(void)
{
TMOD=0x5D; *T1
T1 TCON=0x20; TH1=0x00; TL1=0x00; TH0=0xD8; TL0=0xF0;
IE=0x82; *
延长时间* 输出低电平* 延长时间* 停止函数* 软件启动，T0软件+脉冲启动,T1计
数器，T0定时器
工作在方式1，T0工作在方式1*
中断允许总控制，禁止T1中断*
keyget();
if(tag!=0) *启动标志为1时* {
TR0=1; *启动T0、T1* TR1=1; keyget();
display(p1);
pwm();
} }
void interrupt1() interrupt 1 using 0 *中断服务程序* {
TR1=0; *关闭定时器T1* count=T1; *统计T1的值* TH1=0X00; *计数器清零* TL1=0X00;
TH0=0xD8; *装入初值* TL0=0XF0;
TR1=1; *开启T1* else stop();
TR0=1; *开启T0* }
附录B:
Artificial intelligence applications in Permanent Magnet Brushless
DC motor drives
R. A. Gupta· Rajesh Kumar· Ajay Kumar Bansal Published online: 25 December 209
? Springer Science Business Media B .V. 2009
Abstract Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PMBLDC) machines are more popular due its simple structure and low cost. Improvements in permanent magnetic materials and power electronic devices reliable, cost effective PMBLDC drives, for many applications. Advances in artificial intelligent applications like neural network, fuzzy logic, Genetic algorithm etc. electric motor drives. The brushless DC motor is a multivariable and non-linear system. In conventional PMBLDC drives speed and position sensing of brushless DC motors require the intelligent control techniques for PMBLDC motor drives. Various AI techniques for PMBLDC motor drive sare described. Attempt is made to provide a guideline and quick reference for the researchers and practicing engineers those are working in the area of PMBLDC motor drives. Keywords PMBLDC· Artificial intelligent · Intelligent control · Fuzzy · Neural network 1 Introduction
The permanent magnet (PM) brushless DC (BLDC) machine is increasingly being used for various applications and its market is rapidly growing. This is mainly due to its variable speed drives similar to ac machines (Singh and Kumar 2002; Bose 1992). Recently, the PMBLDC motor many servo applications due to its et al. 1995). Several models of this drive presented and discussed (Putta Swamy e t a l. 1995).
Moreover, PMBLDC motors are a type of synchronous motors means that the magnetic fields generated by both the stator and the rotor in induction motors (Hendershot and Miller 1994 ). The research is going on to identification of a suitable speed controller for the PMBLDC motor. Many control strategies proposed (Kaynak 2001; Miller 1989) in classical linear theory. As the PMBLDC machine the increased demand for modern nonlinear control structures like self-tuning controllers, state-feedback controllers, model reference adaptive systems and use of multi-variable control structure. Most of
these controllers use mathematical models and are sensitive to parametric variations. Very few adaptive controllers practically employed in the control of electric drives due to their complexity and inferior performance.
The design of current and speed controllers for permanent magnet brushless DC(PMBLDC) motor drive remains to large extent a mystery in the motor drives field. A precise speed control of PMBLDC motor is complex due to nonlinear coupling between winding currents and rotor speed as well as nonlinearity present in the developed torque due to magnetic saturation of the rotor.
The PMBLDC machines can be categorized based on the permanent magnets mounting and shape of the back-EMF. The permanent magnets can be surface mounted on the rotor or installed inside of the rotor (interior permanent magnet), and the back-EMF shape can either be sinusoidal or trapezoidal. The surface mounted PM (SMPM) machine is easy to build. Also, from the machine design point of view, skewed poles can be easily magnetized on this round rotor to minimize cogging torque. Typically, for this type of motor, the inductance variation by rotor position is negligibly small since there is no magnetic saliency. The interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine is a good candidate for applications. It is noted that there is an inductance variation by rotor position for this type of motor because of the magnetic saliency.
This paper will give bigger focus on the artificial intelligent applications to PMBLDC motor drives. In this paper, conventional and recent advancement of AI operation methods for P M BLDC drives are presented. 2 Modelling of PMBLDC motor
The PMBLDC motor is modelled in the stationary reference frame using 3 -phase abc variables (Pillay and Krishnan 1989). The general volt-ampere equation be expressed as: