发布时间 : 星期三 文章2015-2016新版沪版初中牛津初中英语八年级下册Unit3知识点语法精讲精练更新完毕开始阅读
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【教材典句】
1. No nets are required for this type of fishing.
2. Cormorant fishing was once practised in lots of places in South-East China. 3. A music show will be held in the school hall at 4 p.m on Tuesday, 4 May. 【语法全解】
英语的语态有主动和被动两种： 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者， 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 1. 基本构成
被动语态的基本构成形式为“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词” 。助动词 be 有人称、数和时态变化。
Football is played all over the world. Is it made of bamboo? 2. 基本变法
（ 1）将主动语态句中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中介词 by 的宾语。
（ 2）将主动语态句中的谓语动词变成“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”形式， 但时态不改变。
（ 3）助动词 be 要与新的主语保持单、 复数的一致；若主语和宾语时人称代词时，“格”应该作相应的变化。
如： The workers make machines in this factory. Machines are made by the workers in this factory. 3. 省去 by 短语的几个条件
（ 1）不知道、没必要或不想说出动作执行者时。
Rice is grown well there.
（ 2）强调说明动作的承受者。
I was sent to teach them English.
（ 3）汉语中有“据说，大家说”等时。
It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.
4. 各时态的被动语态
（ 1）一般现在时的被动语态
构成： am/ is/ are +过去分词 I am often given gifts by Tom.
The things on show are all made in China. Is the room cleaned every day?
（ 2）一般过去时的被动语态
构成： was/ were+ 过去分词 Jim was asked to go there.
The heavy snow stopped the visitors from leaving the top of the mountain. =The visitors were stopped from leaving the top of the mountain by the heavy
snow.
（ 3）一般将来时的被动语态
构成： wii be+ 过去分词或 am/ is/ are going to + be+ 过分分词 Lots of trees will be planted on the hill next year. The children won’tbe allowed to go out at night.
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Is the bridge going to be built by the workers next year?特殊情况：复合宾语的被动语态
感官动词和使役动词在主动语态句中，其后的动词不定式不带 to，但变被动句时必须加上 to。
The boss made her work for 10 hours a day. She was made to work for 10 hours a day. 【语法练习】
1. --Excuse me. I’m looking for be the best of yourself.
--Sorry. The book you ask for ______ out. A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold 2. Each year quite a lot of food ______ around the world. It’s really time for us to do something.
A. was wasted B. is wasted C. wasted D. will be wasted
3. Flowers ______ along the road last year.
A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted
4. It is said that a new museum ________ in our city next year.
A. builds B. is building C. was built D. will be built
5. --Does she like singing English songs?
--Yes. She _______ to sing English songs in her room. A. often does B. is often heard C. often hears D. often heard
简短说话
1. 假设你是表中的 “我”，请根据下表的提示讲述你的经历， 并根据表格中提供的情景谈论你的感受。 时间： April 28
事情经过：我感冒发烧，去医院看病，遇到了英语老师，
她叫我在家里休息，还说会来我家、叫同学来我家帮我学习。
感受：？？？
选择正确的答案
1. --Do you often clean your classroom?
--Yes. Our classroom ______ every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. is cleaning 2. A talk on developments in science and technology ______ in the school hall
next week. A. given B. will be given C. was given 3. --Did you go to Jack’s birthday party?
--No, I ________.
B. wasn’tinvited C. haven’tinvited A. are not invited
4. --Mum, can I go to the zoo with Jack?
--When your homework ______, you can.
A. is done B. was done C. will be done
5. An accident _______ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened
D. is given
D. didn ’tinvite
D. has done
D. happeded
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6. She ______ from China to America by plane last week.
A. set up B. set off C. set for D. set of
7. It’s a hard work. I enjoy it ________.
A. though B. although C. however D. so 8. If a law or rule requires you _______ something, you have to do it.
A. do B. to do C. to step D. stepping
9. Are you ready ______ into Harry Potter’s world again?
A. step B. for step C. to step D. stepping
10. The Chinese medical workers helped the Arab woman ______ every day.
A. practise walking B. to practise to walk C. practise to walk practising walking
重要单词，词组讲解
1. mean的用法
What do you mean to do with it? I didn ’meant to hurt you. 1）mean to do意欲做
This means staying here longer.
Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 2）mean doing意味着做
He is not meant for a teacher and will always be unhappy in the school. Be meant for 适合做
他说他不适合读书因为懒。
He says he _________________ a student for his laziness. 这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。
Failing this exam ___________________ another one. 我并不是故意迟到的。
I didn ’ t ____________ be late for school.
2. celebrate vt. (1) 庆祝；祝贺
celebrate Christmas / one’ s birthday / a victory(成功 ) (2) 赞扬；称颂
The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets. 词语辨析： celebrate, congratulate celebrate后常接日期 ,事情或场合
congratulate后常接人
表示为某事而祝贺某人 congratulate sb. on/upon sth. ex：congratulate you on your marriage. 有时还表示私自庆幸的意思。
ex：I congratulated myself on my escape from being punished.
3. 英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态。主语为所发生的事。
词语辨析： take place, happen, occur, come about, break out的比较 1）The wedding will take place tomorrow.
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2）In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.
take place发生 ,举行 ; 侧重安排或计划而发生的事 ,带有 ―非偶然 ‖的意思
3) What has happened to her？碰巧，恰好
happen ―发生 ‖，普通用词，含义很广。常指具体客观事物或情况的发生，含有 ―偶然 ‖的意味。
当以具体事物、事件作主语时， happen 和 occur 可以换用；但当 happen 用作 ―碰巧 ‖之意时，不能用 occur 代替，但可以与 come about 互换。 4) It happened to rain that day.
5) The traffic accident occurred on Wednesday.
occur ―发生，出现” ,较正式用词，指事情偶然地、意外地发生或思想突然
浮在心头。 occur to 有“想起”的意思。
6) The Second World War broke out in 1939.
break out (火灾、战争、疾病 )突然发生、爆发
7) How does it come about that you were caught by the police?
come about―发生” , 往往注重事情发生的原因。且很多时候与 how 连用。
与 happen 用法较接近
用 take place , happen 和 come about 的正确形式填空
1. The May 4th Movement _____________ in 1919.
2. If anything ___________ to the machine, let me know at once. 3. The opening day of the play ___________ tomorrow night. 4. Can you tell me how it ___________? 4. starve: vt.使饿死 vi.饿得要死 starve to death be starved of/ starve for: 渴望
她很寂寞，渴望友谊： She is lonely, starving for friendship.
The motherless children were starved of/ were starving for affection. 渴望母爱他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死。
他们正急需一大笔钱来完成工作。
They got lost in the desert and ____________________.
They are _____________ a sum of money to finish their work. n. starvation 饿死： die of ____________ 5. a year/ day of plenty 富裕 /丰收的年月 days/ years of plenty
—— Have we got enough apples? —— Yes, there are plenty in the basket.
plenty of +复数 n/ 不可数 n
plenty of eggs/ food/milk 足够?的 ? 6. honour (英) /honor (美 ) 1) 光荣，荣誉 (n)
They fight for the honour of the country.
One must show honour to one ’ s parents.
2) in honour of 为了纪念
A festival is set in honour of the hero. 3) an hounour 光荣的人或事情
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