发布时间 : 星期一 文章阅读教程（上册）教师用书更新完毕开始阅读
《21世纪研究生英语教材》
阅读教程 （教师用书）
（上册）
总主编： 饶振辉
主编： 刘朝武 卢仁顺
副主编：杨明 单伟红 艾国平 陈彩芬
编委：尧文群、胡永华、王显涛、朱琪 郭高攀，洪小琴，李小兰，王宗英
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前 言
《阅读教程》是《21世纪研究生英语教材》系列教程中的主干教材之一。本教程由上、下两册组成，每册有十个单元，每个单元又包含Text A 和 Text B。Text A 供课堂精读使用，而Text B则供学生在课外使用。
考虑到研究生已具备了较宽知识面和较强思考能力的特点，教师在使用本教程中应积极引导学生进行课前预习，培养他们自主学习和独立解决问题的能力。在课堂教学中教师可以对重点、难点进行有针对性的讲解，但要做到精讲多练，以学生为中心，为学生创造自主学习的机会。本教程具有以下几个方面的特点：
1. 课文选材科学、广泛、新颖、活泼，大部分课文均选自近年来国外最新期刊、
杂志，内容覆盖政治、经济、文化、科技、军事、环境、社会生活等诸多方面。
2. 选文思想内涵深刻，具有时代气息，适合研究生阶段的学生就某些问题发表
自己的看法，有助于教师在课堂教学中组织各种丰富多彩的课堂教学活动。 3. 所选文章语言文字规范、地道，严谨。为了帮助学生解决阅读中的语言难点，
本教程对学生在阅读过程中可能遇到的生词和短语进行了详细的注释，以便于学生自主学习。
4. 练习的设计尽量做到题型多样，难度适宜，学以致用。不仅在每一单元前精
心设计了阅读前的导读和围绕课文所展开的思考问题，而且还在每篇课文后编写了阅读理解题。与此同时，每个单元在课文后还有难度适中，题型多样的练习，包括词汇操练，综合填空，中英互译和英语写作。
本教程的总主编是江西师范大学外国语学院的饶振辉教授，本书的1-5单元由华东交通大学负责编写，主编是刘朝武老师，副主编是杨明和单伟红老师，编委是尧文群、胡永华、王显涛和朱琪老师；6-10单元由东华理工大学负责编写，主编是卢仁顺老师，副主编是艾国平和陈彩芬老师，编委是郭高攀、洪小琴、李小兰和王宗英老师。
由于研究生的生源不一，这一教程肯定还存在着不足之处。我们期望广大教师和学生多提出宝贵意见和建议，以便我们不断修订，不断完善。
编者
2011年7月
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UNIT ONE
The Belly Burden
Amanda Spake
? Background Information
1． Amanda Spake：is a Katrina Media Fellow and contributing editor to U.S. News
and World Report. Amanda Spake is a former editor of the Washington Post magazine and Mother Jones. Her writing appears in many publications. He is also nonfiction writer and editor for national media with substantial experience in magazines and online media, and some work in broadcasting. Writing has focused on health, medicine, and the environment. He has edited at national magazines for general interest. And he has additional experience in media and press relations, direct mail copy writing, working with nonprofit groups to enhance brand, image and build press coverage. Also he has management and top-editing experience, some budget and staff supervisory experience. He is not only an independent thinker, but also a team player and self-starter. He is accustomed to top production under deadline pressure
2. The World Heart Federation: is a nongovernmental organization based in
Geneva, Switzerland dedicated to the prevention and control of heart disease and heart foundations from over 100 countries covering the regions of Asia-Pacific, Europe, East Mediterranean, the Americas and Africa.
And it is the world's only global body committed to uniting its members and leads the global fight against heart disease and stroke, with a focus on low-and middle-income countries. It does this via a united community of almost 200 member organizations that bring together the strength of medical societies and heart foundations, from more than 100 countries.
3. The World Health Organization (abbreviation WHO): is an international
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organization. In July 1946, the world health organization in New York city started the preparatory committee, and passed the world health law. On April 7, 1948, the law was approved by the 26 UN member states and took effect. In the same year June 24, the world health organization in Geneva on the first world health assembly was formally established, based in Geneva, Switzerland. The world health organization, the largest international public health, headquartered in Geneva in Switzerland. The world health organization‘s aim is to make people around the world as a high level of health.The organization defines health as ―physical, mental, and social life perfect state‖. The world health organization‘s major function include: to promote epidemic and endemic diseases prevention and control; provide and improve medical and public health and disease matters related to the teaching and training; promote determination of biological product international standards
The world health organization of organizations includes the world health assembly, the executive committee and the secretariat. The world health assembly is the highest authority of the organization, meeting once a year. The main task is to review the director-general for work report, planning budget, accept the new member states and discuss other important issues. The executive committee is the highest authority of the world health assembly executive mechanism, and is responsible for the implementation of the convention, policy and resolution by the task.
The world health organization currently has 191 members and two official associate members. In 1981, the group set up representative office in Beijing. China is one of the founders of the organization. In 1972 the 25th world health assembly recovered Chinese legal seat, after that, China attended all the meeting of the commission.
? Language Points
1. Has that “spare tire” made it hard to tie your shoes? (Para 1): Is it difficult for
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