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新视野大学英语（第二版）1
BOOK One (The Second Edition)
Unit 5
The Battle Against AIDS
Ⅰ.Aims:
Students will be able to:
1. grasp the main idea and structure of the text;
2. appreciate the narrative skills demonstrated in the text;
3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;
4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.
Ⅱ.New Lexis:
AIDS acquire immune deficiency syndrome diagnose infect HIV virus rural constitute segment alarm federal implement organization emerge combat resource creative educational client publication appointment educate literacy literature solve illustrate establish buster risk pressure define redefine marital plague establishment emphasize regardless solution crisis cure represent epidemic threaten racial distract efficiency
be infected with in place of suffer from hand out set up at risk regardless of guard against wipe out distract sb. from sth. sign up for
Ⅲ. Structure:
1.To solve this problems, ask people in the community who can draw well to create low-literacy AIDS education publications.
2. Despite such alarming numbers, the federal and state governments have always been slow in implementing programs to stop the spread of AIDS.
Ⅳ. Pre-reading Activities
1. What is AIDS?
Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome (后天性免疫缺陷综合症). It is a disease that limits the body’s ability to fight infection. A person with AIDS has a very weak immune system, turning normally mild or rare diseases into potentially fatal
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新视野大学英语（第二版）1
conditions.
2. What is HIV?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (人类免疫缺陷病毒). AIDS is different from HIV in that the former usually causes death while HIV may lead to AIDS.
3. What do you know about World AIDS Day?
December,1st was established as World AIDS Day in 1988. It is the international day of coordinate action (协调行动) against AIDS.
4. How many ways can HIV spread? contact with infected blood mother-to-child sex
5. Who is most likely to become infected?
Anyone can become infected with HIV. HIV is transmitted sexually or through drug use by contaminated blood.
Ⅴ. Background Information:
What does the Red Ribbon stand for?
It is an international symbol (标志) of AIDS awareness. People wear the ribbon, particularly around World AIDS Day, to show care and concern (关注) about HIV and AIDS.
What We Still Don’t Know About AIDS
In the ２０years since the first cases of AIDS were detected, scientists say they have learned more about this viral1) disease than any other.
Yet Peter Piot, who directs the United Nations AIDS program, and Stefano Vella of Rome, president of the International AIDS Society, and other experts say reviewing unanswered questions could prove useful as a measure of progress for AIDS and other diseases.
Among the important broader scientific questions that remain：
Why does AIDS predispose infected persons to certain types of cancer and infections？
A long-standing belief is that cancer cells constantly develop and are held in check by a healthy immune2) system. But AIDS has challenged that belief. People with AIDS are much more prone3) to certain cancers like non-Hodgkins lymphomas and Kaposi?s sarcoma4), but not to breast, colon and lung, the most common cancers
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新视野大学英语（第二版）1
in the United States. This pattern suggests that an impaired immune system, at least the type that occurs in AIDS, does not allow common cancers to develop.
What route does HIV take after it enters the body to destroy the immune system？
When HIV is transmitted sexually, the virus must cross a tissue barrier to enter the body. How that happens is still unclear. The virus might invade directly or be carried by a series of different kinds of cells.
Eventually HIV travels through lymph5) vessels6) to lymph nodes and the rest of the lymph system. But what is not known is how the virus proceeds to destroy the body?s CD-４cells that are needed to combat invading infectious agents.
How does HIV subvert the immune7) sys-tem？
Although HIV kills the immune cells sent to kill the virus, there is widespread variation in the rate at which HIV infected people become ill with AIDS. So scientists ask：Can the elements of the immune system responsible for that variability be identified？If so, can they be used to stop progression to AIDS in infected individuals and possibly prevent infection in the first place？
What is the most effective anti-HIV therapy？
In theory, early treatment should offer the best chance of preserving immune function. But the new drugs do not completely eliminate HIV from the body so the medicines, which can have dangerous side effects, will have to be taken for a lifetime and perhaps changed to combat resistance. The new policy is expected to recommend that treatment be deferred until there are signs the immune system is weakening.
Is a vaccine8) possible？
There is little question that an effective vaccine is crucial to controlling the epidemic9). Yet only one has reached the stage of full testing, and there is wide controversy over the degree of protection it will provide. HIV strains that are transmitted in various areas of the world differ genetically. It is not known whether a vaccine derived from one type of HIV will confer protection against other types.
In the absence of a vaccine, how can HIV be stopped？
Without more incisive10), focused behavioral research, prevention messages alone will not stop the global epidemic.
StageⅠPresentation A. Vocabulary
1. acquire vt. get by skill or ability, by one?s own efforts or behavior （由技术、能力、努力或行为而）获得；学到 acquire a good knowledge of English 熟谙英文
acquire a reputation for dishonesty 蒙上不诚实恶名 acquire a taste for brandy 养成喝白兰地的嗜好
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新视野大学英语（第二版）1
2. immune: a
be immune to sth. /sb 对….有免疫力； 不受….影响
This blood test will show whether or not you?re immune to the disease. 这次验血将表明你对这种病是否有免疫力。 I am immune to the noise from the factory. 我对那家工厂的噪音已习以为常了。
3. diagnose 诊断
vt. ① diagnose sb. with …
② diagnose + illness/sb.’s condition as … The woman is diagnosed with diabetes (糖尿病). The doctor diagnosed the illness as cancer.
4.infect: vt. cause others to have a disease or illness; affect; influence
be infected with: make someone get a disease
He infects everyone around him with his enthusiasm. 他的热情感染了身边的每一个人。
It is estimated that over thirty million people are now infected with the virus.估计目前有超过3，000万人感染上了该病毒。
5. constitute vt. form sth. from parts
How many students constitute your study group? Twelve months constitute a year.
6. alarm
vt. cause sudden fear or worry; give a warning or feeling of danger to 使恐慌，使担忧；警告
枪声惊动了千百只鸟。
The noise of the shot alarmed hundreds of birds. n. ①[U] sudden fear and worry 恐慌，担忧；
②[C] a piece of equipment that warns people about danger, the time, etc. 报警
器；闹钟
a fire alarm 火警
set the alarm(-clock) for 6 o’clock 把闹钟拨到6点 e.g. He jumped up in alarm. 他惊慌地跳了起来。
7. organization
n. a group of people with a special purpose What do these organizations mean? WHO World Health Organization
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
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