发布时间 : 星期三 文章牛津译林版必修一语法—定语从句更新完毕开始阅读
定语从句知识点梳理
一、基本概念
1) Mary is a 21-year-old student. She is a nice girl. 2) Mary is a student 21 years old.
Mary is a student in her twenties. 3) Mary is a student who is 21 years old. attributive clause（定语从句：修饰主句中名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。） antecedent (先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。) Mary is a student who is 21 years old. (先行词) (关系代词)
The school where he studied is in Shenzhen. (先行词) (关系副词)
3. Introduce relative pronouns : which, that, who, whom and whose. Introduce relative adverbs: where, why and when. Introduce the functions of the relative words. (Page 8) ① 指代先行词；
② 位于从句句首，连接定语从句与主句； ③ 并在定语从句中充当从句某一成分。 二、关系代词的用法 （一）基本用法
根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。 如下表： 关系词 who 先行词 从句成分 人 主语，宾语 例句 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the whom, whichwar. 和that在从句I like those books whose topics are 中做宾语时，常可以省略，about history. The boy whose father works abroad is 但介词提前时后面关系my classmate. 代词不能省A plane is a machine that can fly. 也不可以She is the pop star (that) I want to see 略，用that very much. The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. He is such a person as is respected by all as做宾语一of us. 般不省略 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 备注 whom 人 宾语 关系代词 whose 人，物 定语 that 人，物 主语，宾语 which 物 主语，宾语 as 主语，宾人，物 语
例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）
① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? ② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. ③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last.
④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. ⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. 注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（ 二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况 which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。 但在有些情况下，只用 that。
⑴ 先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。
例如：
① This is the best that has been used against pollution.
② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. ⑵ 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。 例如：
① This is the last place (that) I want to visit.
② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.
⑶ 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。 例如：
① You should hand in all that you have.
② We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
⑷ 先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。 例如：
① The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. ② The little money (that) he had was stolen. （三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况 ⑴ 先行词是one, ones, anyone时。 例如：
① One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. ② Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it. ⑵先行词是those时。 例如：
① Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.
（四）其它情况
⑴ 先行词既有人又有物时。 例如：
① Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
② The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. ⑵ 主句已有疑问词who 或which时。 例如：
① Which is the bike that you lost?
② Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
（五）与whose有关的问题
⑴ whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。 例如：
① I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
② Please show me the book whose cover is red.
⑵ 当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。 例如：
① The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.
→ The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 → The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. 三、介词前提的问题
关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。 例如：
Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介词with的宾语） →Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? 但是，要注意的是：
⑴ 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。
⑵ 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。
⑶ 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of等。 例如：
① 错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to?
正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to?
② 错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care.
正确：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of. 四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。 例如：
① Who is the guy that is reading over there?
② The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000. ③ All that needs to be done has been done.
④ He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study. ⑤ Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.
例③中的all意为“一切”，作单数。例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。
that与which, who, whom的用法区别： 情况 用法说明 例句 1． 先行词为all, everything, anything, 1. He told me everything that he nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。 knows. 2． 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, 2. All the books that you offered little, no, some, few等修饰时 have been given out. 3． 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰3. This is the best film that I have 时 ever read. 只用that的情况
4． 先行词既指人又指物时 5． 先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6． 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5. He is the only man that I want to see. 6. Who is the man that is making a speech? 只用which, who, whom的情况 1． 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which1. He has a son, who has gone 指代物，用who/whom指人 abroad for further study. 2． 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从2. I like the person to whom the 句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 teacher is talking. 3． 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 3. Those who respect others are 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。 usually respected by others.
语法知识拓展
（一）选择适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom或whose，把下列句子补充完整。 1. Rice is a plant ________ is grown in the south.
2. Those ________ want to go please sign their names here. 3. All ________ glitters is not gold.
4. This is the only way leads to your success.
5. Both the girl and her dog were crossing the street were hit by a coming car. 6. This is the biggest building ________we have ever built in our school.
7. This is the second school ____ I used to work at, and many students there still have contact with me.
8. There is a mountain ________ top is always covered with snow. 9. You can take any seat ________ is free.
10. Could you tell me from _________ you borrowed this book? （二）用定语从句合并下列句子
1. The lady is a film star.
You took a photo of the lady yesterday.
_______________________________________________________________________ 2. What’s the address of the factory?
We noticed the advertisement of the factory the other day.
________________________________________________________________________ 3. This is the stadium
He often goes to the stadium on Sundays.
________________________________________________________________________ 4. A professor is going to give us a speech this Friday afternoon. He has been working on environmental protection.
________________________________________________________________________ 5. He hasn’t got enough money.
He can buy a laptop with the money.
________________________________________________________________________ 6. This is the school. I studied in this school five years ago.
_______________________________________________________________________.