发布时间 : 星期三 文章2018届高三10月月考英语试题 含答案更新完毕开始阅读
58. If a knight were to betray the king, what do you think might happen?
A. He would be sentenced to death. B. He would be robbed of his title. C. He would be forced to leave Court. D. His land would be returned to the King.
59. Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?
A. A knight had to be highly born.
B. A knight had gone through different stages of training to become a KNIGHT. C. A knight was militarily skillful but not necessarily literate.
D. Knighthood started in the Medieval Ages and existed only in England.
B
Reading Your Mind
Modern technology allows scientists to look inside a living human brain to see what is happening. These procedures are safe and painless. By understanding the normal brain activity, doctors and scientists are better able to assess the brain’s behavior during times of injury, disease, and mental illness.
CT or CAT scans: Computed tomography (CT) or computerized axial tomography (CAT) shows images of the brain by passing multiple X-ray beams through the brain tissue. CT or CAT scans show a cross-section of the brain. These scans can be used to find brain tumors.
MRI scans: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses powerful magnet to cause the atoms of the brain to shake. MRI sensors pick up the signals emitted ([i'mit] 发出) from the brain’s atoms and a computer interprets them as a picture. MRIs show more detail than CT or CAT scans can. They are especially useful in finding brain tumors that grow on the back of the brain, between the ears.
PET scans: Positron emission tomography (PET) is different from other scans because it shows how the brain functions. After a person’s bloodstream is injected with a small dose of glucose (['glu:k?us] 【生化】葡萄糖), which is what gives the brain energy, scanners around the head detect where the glucose moves. The PET scan shows which
part of the brain use a lot of glucose, which are the more active parts. PET scans are helpful for diagnosing strokes, studying mental illness, and learning how the brain process language. Positron Emission Tomography scan Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan uses powerful magnets to make the atoms of the brain shake shows how the brain functions shows images of the brain by passing multiple X-ray beams through the brain tissue Shows which parts of the brain use a lot of glucose Helpful for diagnosing strokes Useful for finding brain tumors that grow on the back of the brain, between the ears Computed Axial Tomography Scan
60. How can doctors and scientists understand the brain’s reaction to injury, disease, or
mental illness?
A. By contrasting/comparing it with normal brain activities. B. By passing the X-Ray beams through the brain tissue. C. By picking up the signals emitted from the brain’s atoms. D. By being injected with glucose and detecting where it moves. 61. By Which two scans mentioned are helpful for diagnosing brain tumors?
A. CT / CAT and PET C. CT/CAT and MRI
B. MRI and PET D. CT and CAT
62. If a person suffers from defect in speaking, which scan will a doctor be most likely to suggest? A. CT / CAT C. PET
C
The psychology of innovation Why are so few companies truly innovative?
Innovation is key to business survival, and companies put substantial resources into inspiring employees to develop new ideas. There are, nevertheless, people working in luxurious, state-of-the-art centers designed to stimulate innovation who find that their environment doesn’t make them feel at all creative. And there are those who don’t have a budget, or much space, but who innovate successfully.
For Robert B. Cialdini, Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University, one reason that companies don’t succeed as often as they should is that innovation starts with recruitment. Research shows that the fit between an employee’s values and a company’s values makes a difference to what contribution they make and whether, two years after they join, they’re still at the company.
One of the most famous photographs in the story of rock’n’roll emphasizes Cialdini’s views. The 1956 picture of singers Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash and Jerry Lee Lewis jamming at a piano in Sun Studios in Memphis tells a hidden story. Sun’s ‘million-dollar quartet’ could have been a quintet. Missing from the picture is Roy Orbison, a greater natural singer than Lewis, Perkins or Cash. Sam Phillips, who owned Sun, wanted to revolutionize popular music with songs that fused black and white music, and country and blues. Presley, Cash, Perkins and Lewis instinctively understood Phillips’s ambition and believed in it. Orbison wasn’t inspired by the goal, and only ever achieved one hit with the Sun label.
Managing innovation is a delicate art. It’s easy for a company to be pulled in conflicting
B. MRI
D. Any one of them
directions as the marketing, product development, and finance departments each get different feedback from different sets of people. And without a system which ensures collaborative exchanges within the company, it’s also easy for small ‘pockets of innovation’ to disappear. Innovation is a contact sport. You can’t brief people just by saying, ‘We’re going in this direction and I’m going to take you with me.’
Cialdini believes that this ‘follow-the-leader syndrome’ is dangerous, not least because it encourages bosses to go it alone. ‘It’s been scientifically proven that three people will be better than one at solving problems, even if that one person is the smartest person in the field.’ To prove his point, Cialdini cites an interview with molecular biologist James Watson. Watson, together with Francis Crick, discovered the structure of DNA, the genetic information carrier of all living organisms. ‘When asked how they had cracked the code ahead of an array of highly accomplished rival investigators, he said something that stunned me. He said he and Crick had succeeded because they were aware that they weren’t the most intelligent of the scientists pursuing the answer. The smartest scientist was called Rosalind Franklin who, Watson said, “was so intelligent she rarely sought advice”.’
Writing, visualizing and prototyping can stimulate the flow of new ideas. Cialdini cites scores of research papers and historical events that prove that even something as simple as writing deepens every individual’s engagement in the project. It is, he says, the reason why all those competitions on breakfast cereal packets encouraged us to write in saying, in no more than 10 words: ‘I like Kellogg’s Corn Flakes because… .’ The very act of writing makes us more likely to believe it.
Authority doesn’t have to inhibit innovation but it often does. Many theorist believe the ideal boss should lead from behind, taking pride in collective accomplishment and giving credit where it is due. Cialdini says: ‘Leaders should encourage everyone to contribute and simultaneously assure all concerned that every recommendation is important to making the right decision and will be given full attention.’ The frustrating thing about innovation is that there are many approaches, but no magic formula. However, a manager who wants to create a truly innovative culture can make their job a lot easier by recognizing these psychological realities.
63. The example of the ‘million-dollar quartet’ underlines the writer’s point about