发布时间 : 星期日 文章大学英语精读（第三版）Unit - 6-10 - 讲稿更新完毕开始阅读
大学英语精读（第三版）第一册讲稿
4. The salary for this job is too low, and furthermore, its promotinal prospects are slim.
5. The progress in science and technology has relieved people of heavy labor. 2). Word Using New Words:
1. efficiency: n. the quality of doing sth. Well with n o waste of time or money --she booked the plane tickets for us with great efficiency.
--I was impressed by the efficiency with which she handled the crisis. 2. quality: n. 1) degree of goodness --to be of good/poor/ top quality.
Eg. 有些顾客投诉饭店的服务质量很差
--some customers complain of the poor quality of the service in the hotel. 2) a part of person’s character, esp. sth. good
--Most of us willappreciate such personal qulities as honest and generosity. (我们大都欣赏诚实、宽容等个人品质。)
3. consult: v. ① ~sb. About sth.: advise 咨询，请教
②~(with)sb. About/on sth.请教，向（专业人员）咨询 ③ to look at sth. for information 查阅
--Have you consulted your lawyer about this?
-- You shouldn’t have done it without consulting me.
-- he will consult the dictionary whenever he comes across a new word. 4. neat: adj. ①clean and tidy, orderly
--Zola always keeps her kitchen neat and tidy.
--The old man was neat about his dress though he was not rich.
② economical with time and effort; skilful; efficient
--In the end we found a very neat solution to the problem. c.f. neat, tidy, & orderly
这些形容词均含“整齐的，整洁的”之意。 neat 指人或物外表既清洁又整齐。例如： --His clothes were always neat and clean. tidy 强调整齐，井然有序。例如： --Andrew’s apartment is always so tidy.
orderly 语义比上述几个词强，最常用。指把复杂细微的东西按其内在联 系安排整齐，强调井井有条。例如： --She needs to organize her ideas in a more orderly way.
5. inspect: v. ① to look closely at sth./sb. esp. to check that everything is satisfactory --the policeman stopped his car and demaned to inspect his driver’s license. ② to visit offically 视察
-The troops are ready for the visiting President to inspect.
Cf.: inspect, examine & investigate 这些动词都有“调查、检查”之意。 inspect 侧重按一定质量标准检查某物，找出不足或不同之处。
examine 最普通用词，可指粗略地查看，也可指仔细观察或调查以确定事 物的性质、功能、特点等。
investigate 指为发现事实真相或了解掌握情况而进行深入细致的现场考察。 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where
necessary.
1. The study insvestigates the impact of violent TV programming on children.
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大学英语精读（第三版）第一册讲稿
2. I got out of the car to inspect the damage.
3. The research examined the effects of alcohol on long-term memory. 4. She held the bank note up to the light and inspected it carefully. 6. foundation: n. basis
--The earthquake shook the foundations of the house.
工人们正在给房子打地基。
--The workers are building the foundation of a house. --Thomas Jefferson laid the foundation of the U. S. A. Collocation:
be without foundation (or have no foundation) 毫无根据
lay the foundations of 为…奠定基础 shake/rock the foundations of sth. 动摇…的基础 (or shake/rock sth. to its foundations)
CF: foundation, basis, base, & ground这些名词均含有“基础”之意。 foundation 用于具体意义时，指坚固结实的建筑物的基础或地基；用作 比喻意义时，与basis基本相同。
base 指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础，也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。 basis 主要用作抽象或引申意义。
ground 含义与basis和foundation接近。一般指某种决定、论点或关系的基 础，也可指某种原因的基础。
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where
necessary.
1. The basis of his opinion is something he read in the paper. 2. The earthquake shook the foundation of the house.
3. Then I went to work at the Alameda naval air base , as a machinist's helper. 4. The ground for his decision were never clearly stated
7. relieve: v. make less or easier
-- The injection can relieve the pain. -- We were relieved to hear the news.
-- The doctor’s explanation relieved me of my fears. 8. boring: adj. dull, uninteresting
--The lecture was so boring that I could barely stay awake. -- The lesson was boring and the students were bored by it.. 9. dull: adj.①boring ②not bright or clear ③slow in understanding; stupid --Some of the students found the campus routine a little dull. --The conference was deadly dull.
-- Jane’s hair was a dull, darkish brown.
-- If you don't understand then you're duller than I thought.
Cf: dull, boring & tedious这几个词都是形容词，都有“令人厌烦的”、“生厌的”之意。 dull 指因呆板，缺乏趣味性而令人感到厌烦，其内涵是千篇一律，无吸引力，死气沉沉。 ---The weekly meeting tends to be deadly dull.
boring 概念最广泛，尤其指引人厌倦，枯燥无聊的谈话、文章，也指令人生厌的人。 -- He really is one of the most boring people I've ever met.
tedious 指因对某人或某事的描写太长太多而乏味，也指因反复做某事而乏味。强调因沉
闷而引起的生理上的不适。
-- We had to sit through several tedious speeches
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大学英语精读（第三版）第一册讲稿
10. absent-minded: adj. not attentive, paying little attention to what one is doing;
forgetful
-- The brilliant scientist becomes absent-minded with age. -- The absent-minded boy is always losing his books. 11. major: adj. greater or more important
--The factory’s inefficiency is a major problem.
--Heavy traffic is a major problem in most cities all over the world. n. specialty or a student specializing in a certain field of study --I'm changing my major to political science. --She is an English major at college.
12. achieve: vt. get sth. by efforts; finish sth. successfully --He hopes to achieve his aims by the end of the year. --You will achieve nothing if you don’t work hard. --I’ve achieved only half of what I’d hoped to do. Collocation:
achieve one’s aims/objectives 实现某人的目标 achieved one’s ambition 取得成就
achieve one’s end/goal 达到某人的目标 achieve success 取得成就 13. management: n.
1) the people in charge of a factory or business
--A failure in communication between the management and the workforce resulted in a strike.
--The business is under new management. 2) the act of managing a business
--She began to take over the management of her father’s business after she graduated from university.
--The failure of many small businesses is caused by bad management. 14. productive: adj. producing well or much --Jefferson was a productive and talented writer.
--They work hard, but their efforts are not very productive. --The meeting was very productive.
15. frequent: adj. happening often; habitual
--Sudden rainstorms are frequent on the Pacific Ocean. --His visits became less frequent as time passed. 16. promotion: n. 1) a rise in position
--There are good chances of promotion in this firm. --If you are successful, you can expect promotion.
--Their sales promotions turned out to be very successful. 2) an activity intended to help sell a product --He is responsible for sales promotion. Collocation:
attain/gain/get/obtain/receive promotion 得到提升 engage in promotion 从事商品推销 seek promotion谋求升迁 health promotion增进健康 sales promotion推销
Phrases:
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大学英语精读（第三版）第一册讲稿
1. happen to do sth: to do or be sth. By chance 恰巧是；碰巧做 --你是怎么成为导游的？
--How did you happen to be a tourist guide?
--The reporters are eager to know how she happened to be on the spot. --I happened to be out when she called..
2. come in: have or find a place; have a part to play
--我很了解这个计划，但我不知道我能在制衣厂起什么作用。
--I understand the plan perfectly; but I don't see where I come in at this shirt factory. --她在一百米赛跑中获第二。
--She came in second in the hundred-meter dash.
NB: 在英语中come是个常用语，它与副词或介词连用构成新的词组，详见下面的词组： Come out 被刊登，被出版 Come round 苏醒过来，（病人）复元 Come through 经历 Come to 共计；达成 Come upon 突然产生（想法等） Come up to 达到；符合 Come up with 赶上；提供
3. look around/round: walk round a place and examine it; examine the state of affairs
--The speaker finished her speech and looked round to see if there were any questions. --He looked around for a house to rent.
NB: 在英语中look是个常用语，它与副词或介词连用构成新的词组，详见下面的词组： Look back 回顾 Look down on/ upon 看不起，轻视 Look for 寻找；期待 Look forward to 盼望 Look into 观察；调查 Look on 旁观 Look out 留神；提防 Look over 查看；检查 Look through 看穿；仔细查看
4. be amazed at / by: be greatly surprised at / by -- We were absolutely amazed at his rapid recovery. -- She is amazed by what you have told her. 5. except for: apart from; with the exception of -- The house is deserted, except for the keeper. -- The carpet is good except for its price.
Cf. except, except for & besides 这些前置词或短语均含“除…之外”之意。 except 侧重于排除在外，从整体里减去。
except for 多用于说明基本情况或对主要部分加以肯定，还引出相反的原 因或细节，从而部分地修正前面的主要意思，含惋惜意味。 besides 指在总体之外另加部分或个体，“除…外，还有…”。
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