发布时间 : 星期二 文章英语句子成分及结构专题更新完毕开始阅读
百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我 一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有：感叹词、呼语和插入语。 1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构有：①名词 ②代词 ③数词 ④名词化的形容词（如the rich）⑤不定式 ⑥动名词 ⑦主语从句等表示。例如：Tom is a clever boy.（专有名词人名作主语） 画出句子的主语，并说明其构成方式： ①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ①We often speak English in class. ①One-third of the students in this class are girls. ①To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ①Smoking does harm to the health. ①The rich should help the poor. ①When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ①It is necessary to master a foreign language. ①That he isn’t at home is not true. 正确运用主语的各种形式 14 百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我 2.谓语：谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： （1）简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如： He practises running every morning.（动词practise作谓语） We usually listen to the music on weekends.（动词短语listen to作谓语） （2）复合谓语： ①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。例如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. ①由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。例如： We are students. Your idea sounds great. 画出句子的谓语，并说明其构成方式： ①My sister is crying over there. ①I have been waiting for you all the time. ①I would stay at home all day. 正确运用主语的各种形式 3.表语：表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, keep, stay, remain, seem, appear, look, smell, sound, feel, taste, become, get, grow, go, turn, prove等）之后。可以作表语的词性或语法结构有：①名词 ②代词 ③数词 ④分词⑤不定式 ⑥动名词 ⑦介词短语⑧副词⑨表语从句等表示。例如：She is very beautiful.（形容词作表语） 画出句子的表语，并说明其构成方式： 14 百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我 ①Our teacher of English is an American. ②Is it yours? ③The weather has turned cold. ④The speech is exciting. ⑤Three times seven is twenty one. ⑥His job is to teach English. ⑦His hobby is playing football. ⑧The machine must be under repair. ⑨The truth is that he has never been abroad. 正确运用主语的各种形式 4.宾语：宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介宾结构。可以作表语的词性或语法结构有：①名词 ②代词 ③数词 ④名词化的分词 ⑤不定式 ⑥动名词 ⑦宾语从句等表示。例如： They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词作动宾） 画出句子的表语，并说明其构成方式： ①They planted many trees yesterday. ①-- How many dictionaries do you have? --I have five. ①They helped the old with their housework yesterday. ①I wanted to buy a car. ①He pretended not to see me. ①I enjoy listening to popular music. 14 百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我 ①I think（that）he is fit for his office. 正确运用主语的各种形式 5.补语： （1）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。可以作表语的词性或语法结构有：①名词 ②形容词 ③可作表语的副词 ④不定式 ⑥分词 ⑦介词短语 ⑧从句等表示。例如： Disney called it Mickey Mouse.（专有名词作宾补） 画出句子的表语，并说明其构成方式： ①His father named him Dongming. ②They painted their boat white. ③Let the fresh air in. ④You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. ⑤We saw her entering the room. ⑥We found everything in the lab in good order. ⑦We will soon make our city what your city is now. ⑧I want your homework done on time. 正确运用主语的各种形式 14