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二、语法----英语中的命令（command）语气和请求(request)语气
命令语气：表示直接命令某人做某事，语气比较重，不怎么礼貌，一般用于上级对下级 例：1. “ Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.
2. Open the window!
请求语气：表示请求某人做某事，语气比较缓和，非常礼貌 例：1. “ Would you like to see my flat?” She asked. 2. Would you please open the window?
Unit 3 Travel journal
一、重点短语
1. travel----泛指旅行
journey----指长时间长距离的陆上旅行
voyage----指长距离的水上旅行，也可以指乘飞机旅行 trip----常指短时间短距离的旅行 tour----指周游，巡回旅游， 2. prefer to 更加喜欢，宁愿 prefer A to B 比起B，更喜欢A
prefer doing to doing 比起做…，宁愿做… prefer to do rather than do 与其做…, 不如… 3. flow through 流过，流经 4. ever since 自从
5. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 6. be fond of 喜欢
7. insist on doing 坚持做某事
insist + that 从句（用should+ V原） 8. care about 关心
9. change one’s mind 改变想法 10. altitude 高度 attitude 态度，看法
11. make up one’s mind to do下定决心做某事 = decide to do = make a decision to do
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12. give in 让步，屈服 give up 放弃
13. be surprised to … 对…感到惊奇 to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是… 14. at last = finally = in the end 最终 15. stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 16. as usual 像往常一样 17. so…that 如此… 以至于… So + adj + a/an + n. + that Such + a/an +adj. + n. + that
18. be familiar with 对…熟悉（人作主语） be familiar to 为…所熟悉（物作主语）
二、语法:现在进行时表将来
现在进行时表将来，表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有：come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等. 例：1. I’m coming. 我就来
2. what are you doing next Sunday ? 你下个星期天做什么？
3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我听说你将沿湄公河旅行 4. Where are you staying at night? 你们晚上待在哪里/
Unit four Earthquakes
一、重点短语
1. right away 立刻，马上（= at once = in no time） 2. asleep 睡着的；熟睡地（fall asleep 入睡） sleep 睡；睡眠 sleepy 犯困的
3. it seems that/ as if … 看来好像… ；似乎 4. in ruins 成为废墟
5. the number of …的数量（谓语动词用单数） a number of 大量（谓语动词用复数）
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6. rescue workers 营救人员 Come to one’s rescue 营救某人 7. be trapped 被困 8. how long 多长时间 how often 多久，指平率
how soon 还要多久（用于将来时当中，用in+时间段回答） 9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上万的 10. dig out 挖出
11. shake----泛指“动摇，震动”,常指左右、上下动摇，也可以指人“震惊，颤抖” 例：1. She felt the earth shaking under him. 2. She was shaken with anger. quake---- 指较强烈的震动，如地震 例: The building quaked on its foundation
Tremble---- 指人由于寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖
例：Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks. Shiver---- 多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦
例：A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.
12. rise (rose—risen)---- vi, 上升；升起， 无被动语态；give rise to 引起 Raise（raised—raised）---- vt, 举起；筹集；养育 Arise ( arose—arisen)----vt, 出现（常指问题或现象）
13. injure---- 常指因意外事故造成的损伤，也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害 例：He was injured in a car accident.
harm---- 泛指“伤害，损害”，既可以指有生命的，也可以指无生命的 例：1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child. 2. His business was harmed for some reason. hurt---- 既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害 例：1. She hurt her leg when she fell. 2. He felt hurt at your word.
wound---- 一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤 例：The bullet wounded him in the arm.
14. be prepared for …= make preparations for… 为…做准备 15. in one’s honor 向…表示敬意；为纪念 Be/ feel honored to do … 做…感到很荣幸
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16. make /give/ deliver a speech 发言 opening speech 开幕词
17. give/ provide shelter to …向…提供庇护所 seek shelter from…躲避 18. happen to + n./ pron. 遭遇，发生 happen to do sth. 偶然；碰巧 happen ----指偶然发生
take place----指事先计划好的事情发生
二、语法----定语从句
概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
成分：先行词，即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系代词：that，which，who(宾格为whom,所有格
为whose)；或者关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句的作用。 1. 关系代词that的用法
关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主语，也能做宾语 例：1）A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主语)
2）The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物，作宾语) 3）Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人，作主语) 4）The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister,(指人，作宾语)
2. 关系代词which的用法
关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物，但既可以做宾语也能作主语 例：1）They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主语) 2）The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语) 3. 关系代词who，whom的用法
关系代词who,whom 只能指人，在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语 例：1）The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主语) 2）The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作宾语)、 4. 关系代词whose在的用法
关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物，whose和它所
修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。
例：1）This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人，作主语) 2） The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物，作主语)
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