(完整版)英语常见形容词及比较级、最高级变化一览表

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形容词

第一章 比较级、最高级变化一览表

规则变化

1. 单音节以及少数双音节的词尾加上 “er” “est” 构成比较级、最高级:

bright(明亮的)—brighter—brightest broad(广阔的)—broader—broadest

cheap(便宜的)—cheaper—cheapest clean(干净的)—cleaner—cleanest clever(聪明的)—cleverer—cleverest cold(寒冷的)—colder—coldest cool(凉的)—cooler—coolest dark(黑暗的)—darker—darkest

dear(贵的)—dearer—dearest deep(深的)—deeper—deepest fast(迅速的)—faster—fastest few(少的)—fewer—fewest great(伟大的)—greater—greatest hard(困难的,硬的)—harder—hardest high(高的)—higher—highest kind(善良的)—kinder—kindest light(轻的)—lighter—lightest long(长的)—longer—longest loud(响亮的)—louder—loudest low(低的)—lower—lowest near(近的)—nearer—nearest new(新的)—newer—newest

poor(穷的)—poorer—poorest quick(快的)—quicker—quickest quiet(安静的)—quieter—quietest rich(富裕的)—richer—richest

short(短的)—shorter—shortest slow(慢的)—slower—slowest small(小的)—smaller—smallest smart(聪明的)—smarter—smartest soft(柔软的)—softer—softest strong(强壮的)—stronger—strongest

sweet(甜的)—sweeter—sweetest tall(高的)-taller - tallest thick(厚的)—thicker—thickest warm(温暖的)—warmer—warmest weak(弱的)—weaker—weakest young(年轻的)—younger—youngest 2以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词(即重读闭音节词),双写结尾的辅音字母er,-est

big(大的)—bigger—biggest fat(胖的)—fatter—fattest

hot(热的)—hotter—hottest red(红的)—redder—reddest sad(伤心的)—sadder—saddest thin(瘦的)—thinner—thinnest wet(湿的)—wetter—wettest mad(疯的)—madder—maddest

特别提醒:new, few, slow, clean等词含有字母组合,且发的是长元音,不用双写。

3.以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词,加上 “r” “st” 构成比较级、最高级:

able(能干的)—abler—ablest brave(勇敢的)—braver—bravest close(接近的)—closer—closest fine(好的,完美的)—finer—finest

large(巨大的)—larger—largest late(迟的)—later—latest nice(好的)—nicer—nicest ripe(成熟的)—riper—ripest

rude(粗鲁的)—ruder—rudest safe(安全的)—safer—safest strange(奇怪的)—stranger—strangest wide(宽广的)—wider—widest wise(睿智的,聪明的)—wiser—wisest white(白的)—whiter—whitest

4. “以辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i,再加-er, -est

busy(忙碌的)—busier—busiest dirty(脏的)—dirtier—dirtiest

dry(干燥的)—drier—driest early(早的)—earlier—earliest easy(容易的)—easier—easiest friendly(友好的)—friendlier—friendliest funny(好玩的)—funnier—funniest happy(开心的)—happier—happiest healthy(健康的)—healthier—healthiest heavy(重的)—heavier—heaviest hungry(饿的)—hungrier—hungriest lazy(懒惰的)—lazier—laziest lucky(幸运的)—luckier—luckiest naughty(调皮的)—naughtier—naughtiest noisy(嘈杂的)—noisier—noisiest pretty(美丽的)—prettier—prettiest silly(傻的)—sillier—silliest spicy(辣的)—spicier—spiciest thirsty(渴的)—thirstier—thirstiest ugly(丑的)—uglier—ugliest

5.双音节、多音节形容词(即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词),在单词前面加上 “more” “most” 构成比较级、最高级:

afraid(害怕的)—more afraid—most afraid

beautiful(美丽的)—more beautiful—most beautiful careful(仔细的)—more careful—most careful

cheerful(开心的)—more cheerful—most cheerful crowded(拥挤的)—more crowded—most crowded

dangerous(危险的)—more dangerous—most dangerous delicious(美味的)—more delicious—most delicious difficult(困难的)—more difficult—most difficult exciting(令人兴奋的)—more exciting—most exciting expensive(昂贵的)—more expensive—most expensive famous(著名的)—more famous—most famous

frightened(受惊的)—more frightened—most frightened

frightening(令人害怕的)—more frightening—most frightening hard-working(勤奋的)—more hard-working—most hard-working helpful(有帮助的)—more helpful—most helpful honest(诚实的)—more honest—most honest

important(重要的)—more important—most important

interesting(有趣的)—more interesting—most interesting polite(有礼貌的)—more polite—most polite

terrible(可怕的)—more terrible—most terrible tired(累的)—more tired—most tired

特别提醒:以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况, 如:unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest 6. 以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加 more,most

Slowly-more slowly-most slowly quickly-more quickly-most quickly 特别提醒:early -earlier-earliest

7. 由ing分词和-ed分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。

interesting- more interesting -most interesting excited- more excited - most exciting

tired- more tired - most tired boring-more boring -most boring

不规则变化

bad(坏的)—worse—worst

far(远的)—farther—farthest (far—further—furthest) good(好的)—better—best ill(病的)—worse—worst little(少的)—less—least many(多的)—more—most much(多的)—more—most

old(年老的)—older—oldest ( old—elder—eldest) well(好的,身体好的)—better—best

特别提醒:

◇further不仅可以指“距离更远”,还可指“程度更深”。记住以下三个词组:further study(进修)

further education(继续教育) further information (进一步的信息)

◇elder仅用于同辈之间的排行,如: elder sister(姐姐) elder brother (哥哥) ◇less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词,修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。

第二章 形容词副词比较级较难考点

◇少数单音节词前面加 more, most 构成比较级和最高级, 这类形容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词

afraid -more afraid, most afraid tired - more tired , most tired fond - more fond , most fond glad -more glad , most glad

bored - more bored , most bored pleased---- more pleased , most pleased ◇下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式,即:既可加-er/-est也可加more/most

strict, often, friendly, clever ◇下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高(即表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级)如:empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely ... ◇比较应在同类事物之间进行。

误:Your English is better than me. 正:Your English is better than mine.

◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语,最常见的三大修饰词是:a little, much, even。 以下单词也可用来修饰:any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。 My sister is a little taller than me. Their house is much larger than ours. 另外,名词短语也可修饰比较级,说明程度。 I’m three years older than he.

特别提醒:very, quite, too不可修饰比较级。

◇避免重复使用比较级。

误:He is more kinder to small animals than I. 正:He is much kinder to small animals than I. 误:He is more cleverer than his brother. 正:He is cleverer than his brother.

◇比较要符合逻辑,在同一范围内比较时,避免将主语含在比较对象中,这时需使用other来排除自身。

误:China is larger that any country in Asia.

正:China is larger than any other country in Asia. 误:John studies harder than any student in his class.

正:John studies harder than any other student in his class.

正:John studies harder than any of the other students in his class. 正:John studies harder than anyone else in his class. ◇比较要遵循前后一致的原则,注意前后呼应。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. ◇序数词通常只修饰最高级。

Africa is the second largest continent.

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.

◇为避免重复,我们通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出现的名词。that代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,those代替可数名词复数。one既可指人又可指物,只能代替可数名词。

The weather in China is different from that in America.

The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.

误:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai. 正:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. ◇“否定词 + 比较级”相当于最高级。

----Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you? ----I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me. Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing. ◇比较级前一般不加冠词。但表示两者中较突出者,且比较级后又有名词或出现了 of the two,这时比较级前一定要加the。 He is the taller of the two.

Of the two jobs,he chose the harder. Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy? 试比较:

Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.

◇不含than 的比较级前可加不定冠词修饰,构成“a/an+比较级+单数可数名词”表示“一个更……的人/物”。

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