发布时间 : 星期四 文章高考英语三大从句（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）讲解+练习（附答案）更新完毕开始阅读
I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.
我是你的朋友，将与你分担这项工作。（I是先行词，who am your friend是非限制性定语从句，对先行词I起附加说明的作用）
New Concept English is intended for foeign students, which is known to us all.
新概念英语是专为外国学生编写的，这是我们大家都知道的。（which is known to us all是非限制性定语从句，对主句作进一步的补充说明）
C．在下列情况下，通常使用非限制性定语从句。 1．当先行词表示的是世界上独一无二的人或物时。 The sun, which gives us light and heat, is a fixed star. 太阳是一颗恒星，它给我们光和热。
Last year I visted the People's Great Hall, where many important meetings are held every year. 去年我参观了人民大会堂，每年许多重要会议都要在那里举行。 2．当定语从句修饰整个主句时。
Taiwan belongs to China, as everyone knows. 众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。
The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected. 天气非常糟糕，这点们没有料到。
3．当先行词是专有名词，或先行词本身指示意义十分明确时。 Mr. Joe lives in Beijing now, which is quite a long way from here. 乔先生现在住在北京，那里距离这儿很远。
I congratulate my neighbour, whose son has just won the election. 我祝贺我的邻居，他的儿子刚刚赢得选举。 非限制性定语从句的五个“不能” (1) 关系词不能用 that
(2) 关系词不能用 why，只能用 for which (3) 有且只有 as 能放整个句首，which 不能
(4) “介词+关系代词 其中的关系代词不能用 as。 介词 + which/ whom
(5) 指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格 whom; 不能用 who 替换，也不能省略。
四、关系代词和关系副词的选用
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引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选用，比较复杂除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是物，所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的，以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子成份外，还要根据习惯用法而定。
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错：
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. （对） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。
A．只用who
1．在非限制定语从句中指人时：
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。
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2．先行词是one, anyone, those等指人时：
One who has nothing to fear for hiself dares to tell the truth. 一个无所畏惧的人敢说真话。
Anyone who breaks the law shall be published. 任何犯法的人都将受到惩罚。
Those who are against the plan put up your hands please. 凡是反对这项计划的人，请举手。 3．在there/here be开头的句子中。 Here is a boy who wants to see you. 有个男孩想见你。 B． 只用which 或whom
在下列情况下，一般不能用that代替which whom。 1．在非限制性定语从句中。
The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected. 天气非常糟糕，这我们没有料到。 2．介词后面。
关系代词紧跟在介词或短语介词后面，只能用which或whom，不能用that。 He climbed up to the top of a large rock, from which he got a good view.
他爬到一块巨大的岩石顶上，从那里他看到很好的景色。（也可用from where） Sound is a tool, by means of which people communicate with each other. 声音是工具，人们通过这个工具进行交流。 C．只用that
1．当先行词为everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little等词时，或当先行词被every, any, all,some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。
Everything that they said was true. 他所说的一切都是真的。
He is dead and there's nothing that can be done. 他死了，再也没有什么办法了。 There was little that we could do to help her. 我们没有什么能帮助她的。
These walls are all that remain of the ancint city. 这些墙是这座古城所残存下来的全部。 提示: something 后面可用which引导定语从句。
There is something(which/ that) I'd like to tell you. 有些事我想告诉你。
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2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place (that) they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
She was probably the hardest working student (that) I have ever taught. 她也许是我教学生中学习最勤奋的。 3．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。
This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. 这正是我要买的语法书。
Beauty is the only thing (that) Emily can be proud of. 美丽是埃米莉唯一能骄傲的东西。 4．当先行词为who或前面有who, which等疑问代词时。 Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? 有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的事情？
Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？ 5．当先行词为人与事物或动物时。
The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered. 掉入河里的司机与车都还没有找到。
The boy and his dog that were believed to be lost in the wood were rescued this morning. 被认为在森林里迷路的孩子与狗，今天早上已经获救了。 6．先行词在定语从句中做表语时。
She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. 她再也不是过去那个甜美的女孩了。 He is not the man (that) he seems. 他这人不貌相。 D．关系副词与关系代词的选择
当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导，要根据关系词在定语从句中所担当的句子成分来决定。
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。（when作状语） I will never forget the days which we spent together.
我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。（which作we spent宾语） I know a place where we can have a picnic.
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