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高级英语二期末复习
I． Explain the following sentences in your own words, bringing out any implied meanings.
（20*2’=40’）
II． Translate the following sentences into Chinese. （10*2’=20’）
III． Point out what figure of speech is used in each of the following sentences.（5*2’=10’） IV． Find explanations of the italicized words in each sentence from the list that followed (A to
J) and put the right letter in the bracket before each sentence（10*1’=10’）
V．Read the following two passages and choose the best answer to each question. Put the answers in the following two forms.（10*2’=20’）
Lesson one Pub Talk and the King’s English
1. And it is an activity only of humans.
And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings.
2. Conversation is not for making a point.
Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view.In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.
3. In fact,the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.
In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.
4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.
People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives.
5….it could still go ignorantly on.
The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.
6.They are cattle in the fields,but we sit down to beef(boeuf).
These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields;but when we sit down at the table to eat,we call their meat beef.
7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.
The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.
8….English had come royally into its own.
The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more.
9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase,the King’s English,has always been used disparagingly and jokingly by the lower classes.The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people.
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高级英语二期末复习
10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.
There still exists in the working people,as in the early Saxon peasants,a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.
11.There is always a great danger,as Carlyle put it,that”words will harden into things for us.”
There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.
1….their marriage may be on the rocks…
On the rocks:(colloquial) in or into a condition of ruin or catastrophe.
2….they got out of bed on the wrong side…
Get out of bed on the wrong side:to be cross or in a bad temper for the day.
3.The conversation was on wings.
On wings (on the wing): flying or while flying;in motion or while moving or traveling.
4….the Norman lords of course turned up their noses at it. Turn up one’s nose at:sneer at,scorn.
5…we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. In another’s shoes: in another’s position.
6….English had come royally into its own.
Come into its own:to receive what properly belongs to one,especially acclaim or recognition.
7….we sit up at the vividness of the phrase… Sit up at:(colloquial) to become suddenly alert.
1.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other,they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也称不上谈话。
2.Argument may often be a part of it,but the purpose of the argument is not to convince.There is no winning in conversation.
闲聊中常有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中不存在输赢胜负。
3.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own.
或许是由于我年轻时常常光顾英国小酒馆的缘故，我觉得酒馆里的闲聊别有一番韵味。
4.I do not remember what made one of our companions say it—she clearly had not come into the bar to say it,it was not something that was pressing on her mind—but her remark fell quite
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naturally into the talk.
我不记得一起聊天的人是在什么情况下说出那句话来的——显然她不是有备而来，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——但是她那句话十分自然地融进了我们的闲谈里。
5.There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for ―English as it should be spoken.‖
每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制定一些条条框框时，总会遭到来自下层人民的抵制。
6.Words are not themselves a reality,but only representations of it,and the King’s English,like the Anglo-French of the Normans,is a class representation of reality. 词语本身并不是现实，它不过是用以表达现实的一种形式而已。标准英语就像诺曼人的盎格鲁式法语一样，也是一种对现实的阶级表达。
7.Perhaps it is worth trying to speak it,but it should not be laid down as an edict,and made immune to change from below.
让人们学着去讲规范英语也许不错，但不应当把它当做一条必须执行的法令，也不应当使它完全拒绝来自下层的改变。
8.There is no worse conversationalist than the one who punctuates his words as he speaks as if he were wrting,or even who tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print. 要使有谁闲聊时像写文章那样标点分明，或者像写一篇要发表的散文一样咬文嚼字的话，那他一定是个最糟糕的聊天者。
9.When E.M. Forster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖we sit up at the vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.
看到福斯特笔下写出“当今时代的阴森可怖的长廊”时，其用于之生动及有其所产生的有力甚至可怖的形象不禁令我们心头一震。
10.There would have been no conversation the other evening if we had been able to settle at once the meaning of ―the King’s English.‖
那天晚上，如果我们当场弄清了“标准英语”的定义，也就不可能有那一场交谈了。
Lesson two Marrakech
1.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth,like a derelict building-lot.
The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.
2.All colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact.
All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).
3.They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few years,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard…
They are born.Then for a few years they work,toil and starve.Finally they die and are buried in
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graves without a name,and nobody notices that they are dead.
4.A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.
Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe,a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.
5.Instantly,from the dark holes all round,there was a frenzied rush of Jews…
Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited,all loudly demanding a cigarette.
6….every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.
Every one of these poor Jews looks on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.
7.Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.
However,a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable./However,people always notice any one with a white skin.
8.In a tropical landscape one’s eye takes in everything except the human beings.
If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region,you see everything but the human beings.
9.No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.
No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips would not be interesting).
10….for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless,backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.
Life is very hard for ninety percent of the people.They can produce a little food on the poor soil only with hard backbreaking toil
11.She accepted her status as an old woman,that is to say,as a beast of burden.
She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community,that she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal.
12.People with brown skins are next door to invisible. People with brown skins are almost invisible.
13.Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms…
The Senegalese soldiers were wearing second-hand ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful,well-built bodies.
14.How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?
How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack the colonialist rulers?
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