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More than 100 genes are related with increased risk of developing schizophrenia（精神分裂症）,bipolar disorder （躁郁症）and alcoholism（酗酒）,confirms a large study published in the recent issue of the British scientific journal Nature.
The world’s largest study into the genetic basis of mental illnesses was led by researchers from British universities,including University College London (UCL),Cardiff University and King’s College London (KCL).
Researchers believe that they are now much closer than before to understanding the complex biological causes, which make some people being at high risk of developing mental illnesses.They also believe that these findings could lead to new treatments.
The researchers analyzed the DNA of about 37,000 patients with schizophrenia,bipolar disorder or alcoholism, and compared the smallest genetic changes to those found in about 113,000 healthy people.They then identified about 128 independent genetic variants（变体）at 108 locations on the human chromosomes（染色体）that contribute significantly to developing schizophrenia—83 of these sites have never before been linked to the illness,according to scientists.
For example,people with the variant of the GRM3 gene,thought to be important in brain signaling,are around 2 to 3 times more likely to develop schizophrenia or alcohol dependence.The variant,which is found in
approximately one in every 200 people,is also associated with a three times risk of developing bipolar disorder.
“We could be looking at the next big drug target for treating mental illness,”Professor David Curtis from UCL, co-author of the paper,said.“The work opens up new ways to prevent and treat mental illnesses by revealing the mechanisms involved in their development.”
12.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Researchers are disappointed at curing biological causes. B. Researchers are worried about the complex biological causes. C. Researchers have found the method of curing biological causes. D. Researchers are confident of figuring out the complex biological causes.
13.According to Paragraph 4,the researchers found.
A. there are 37,000 patients with mental illnesses in the world B. most of the sites have never before been linked to mental illnesses C. there is little difference between the patients and the healthy people D. the cause of mental illnesses has nothing to do with the genetic changes
14.We can learn from Paragraph 5.
A. the variant of the GRM3 gene is important
B. the number of people with the variant of the GRM3 gene is large
C. the number of people with the variant of the GRM3 gene is small D. people with the variant of the GRM3 gene aren’t likely to suffer schizophrenia
15.What’s the main topic discussed in the text? A. The importance of gene variants. B. The research of gene variants. C. The cause of mental illnesses.
D. Gene variants linked to mental illnesses.
五、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good, most would admit that their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to a Chinese student, he/she always says, “My spoken English is poor.” 1 I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English.
First, they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due to a limited vocabulary. 2 However, you can speak with a limited vocabulary, if you choose a positive attitude. Others will follow you as long as you use the words that you know.
3 Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous. Yet students should remember that their goal should be fluency not accuracy（准确性）. Your aim in writing is to be accurate by following the rules of grammar, using the right words and spelling them correctly. However, your aim in speaking is fluency.You want to get your message across, when talking to someone in English. Even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense, it doesn’t matter. 4
The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening. You have one mouth but two ears! All that hearing is necessary for you to start speaking.
Fourth, most Chinese students are reactive rather than proactive （主动的）language learners. Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English, they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them and wonder why their English always remains poor. 5
A.The person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowances for（谅解）any mistake he hears.
B.Obviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary. C.They may try to avoid making similar mistakes next time.
D.But if you have the proactive outlook, you will see English