新版无机化学习题解答

发布时间 : 星期四 文章新版无机化学习题解答更新完毕开始阅读

第一章习题解 1-29

m(MnOms)n(MnO)M(MnOms)w(MnO2)?2?22

332?2?2?n(Fe)M(MnO2)c(Fe)V(Fe)M(MnO2)1010??msms3?1?3?1?0.1000mol?L?21.50?10L?86.94g?mol10?0.1000g?0.5608

3-19.微型音像磁带中的磁性材料的化学组成相当于CoxFe3-xO4+x。准确称取0.2893 g含钴的铁磁体化合物,加酸溶解后定容至250 mL的容量瓶中。移取25.00 mL该试样溶液于锥型瓶中,加入pH为2的缓冲溶液,以磺基水杨酸作指示剂,用0.01010 mol?L?1 EDTA溶液滴定,终点时用去29.70 mL。再将溶液pH调节至5左右,加热至近沸,以PAN作指示剂,趁热继续用EDTA滴定,用去5.94 mL。计算试样中钴、铁的质量分数。 解: EDTA与任何金属离子反应都是1:1,pH为2时滴定的是铁离子,而pH为5时滴定的是钴离子。

w(Fe)?m(Fe)ms55.85g?mL?1??29.70?10?3L?mL?1?0.01010mol?L?1ms0.01675g0.2893g?250.025.00?250.025.00

??0.5791w(Co)?m(Co)ms58.93g?mL?1??5.94?10?3L?mL?1?0.01010mol?L?1ms0.003535g0.2893g?250.025.00?250.025.00

??0.12223-20.Four measurements of the weight of an object whose correct weight is 0.1026 g are 0.1021g,0.1025g,0.1019g,0.1023g. Calculate the mean, the average deviation, the relative average deviation(%), the standard deviation, the relative standard deviation(%), the error of the mean, and the relative error of the mean(%).

Solution:

1-30 第一章习题解

1414x=(0.1021+0.1025+0.1019+0.1023) g = 0.1022g (0.0001+0.0003+0.0003+0.0001) g = 0.0002g

0.0002g0.1022g2d=

relative average deviation dr =

2s=0.0001?0.00032?100% = 0.2%

2?0.00034?1?0.0001g?0.0003g

relative standard deviation CV =

0.0003g0.1022g?100% = 0.3%

error of the mean E =x? xT = 0.1022g ? 0.1026g = ?0.0004g relative error of the mean Er =

?0.0004g0.1026g?100%??0.4%

3-21.A 1.5380g sample of iron ore is dissolved in acid, the iron is reduced to the +2 oxidation state quantitatively and titrated with 43.50 mL of KMnO4 solution (Fe? Fe), 1.000 mL of which is equivalent to 11.17 mg of iron. Express the results of the analysis as (1) w(Fe); (2) w(Fe2O3); (3) w(Fe3O4).

Solution:

The reaction is MnO4? + 5Fe2+ + 8H+ = Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O (1) 1.000 mL of which is equivalent to 11.17 mg of iron, therefore,

w(Fe)??m(Fe)msms?3?111.17?10g?mL?43.50mL1.5380g2+

2+

3+

?11.17?10?3g?mL?1?V(KMnO4)

?0.3159(2) n(Fe2O3)= (1/2)n(Fe)

w(Fe2O3)?m(Fe2O3)ms1?2?n(Fe2O3)M(Fe2O3)ms1m(Fe)?2M(Fe)M(Fe2O3)ms?3n(Fe)M(Fe2O3)ms1?2?159.755.85?11.17?10g?mL?1?43.50mL1.5380g?0.4517(3) n(Fe3O4)= (1/3)n(Fe2+)

第一章习题解 1-31

w(Fe3O4)?m(Fe3O4)ms1?n(Fe3O4)M(Fe3O4)ms1m(Fe)?3M(Fe)M(Fe3O4)ms?3?3n(Fe)M(Fe3O4)ms

?43.50mL1?3?231.555.85?11.17?10g?mL?11.5380g?0.4365

第四章

习 题 解 答

基本题

4-1.将300mL0.20 mol.L-1HAc溶液稀释到什么体积才能使解离度增加一倍。求算0.20 mol.L-1NH3H2O的c(OH?)及解离度。

0.20mol?L?300mL解:设稀释到体积为V ,稀释后 c?

Vc?由 K a ?? 2?11?? 得:

0.20 ?1??2?0.20?300?(2?)V?(1?2?)2

因为K?a =1.74?10?5 ca = 0.2 mol?L?1 caK?a > 20K?w ca/K?a>500 故由 1?2? =1?? 得 V =[300?4/1]mL =1200mL 此时仍有 caK?a>20K?w ca/K?a>500 。

K?b(NH3·H2O)=1.8?10-5 由于cKa?>20Kw c/ Ka?>500

故可用c(OH-)=c?Kb 求c(OH-)=0.2?1.8?10?5=1.9?10-3 mol.L-1

??c(OHcb?)1.9?10?0.20?3?9.5?10?3?0.95%

4-2.奶油腐败后的分解产物之一为丁酸(C3H7COOH),有恶臭。今测得0.20mol.L?1丁酸溶液的 pH为2.50, 求丁酸的K?a为多少?

1-32 第一章习题解

解:pH=2.50 则c(H+)=10-2.5 mol.L-1 a=10

-2.5

/0.2=5?10

2-2.5

?2.5?3.5K?a=

ca1?a=

0.2?5?101?2?10??2=25?10-5?0.2=5?10-5

4-3.What is the pH of a 0.025mol.L?1 solution of ammonium acetate at 25℃? pK?a of acetic acid at 25℃ is 4.74, pK?a of the ammonium ion at 25℃ is 9.25, pK?w is 14.00。

解: 已知25℃时乙酸的pK?a = 4.74 , NH4+的pK?a = 9.25

求乙酸铵溶液(0.025 mol.L-1)的pH值?

NH4Ac为弱酸弱碱盐,NH4+为K?a’ , HAc为K?a (解离常数)则cK?a’ ≥20Kw ,c(H+)=

+

KaKa?'10?4.74?10?9.25?10?6.995

pH= - logc(H) =6.995 ≈ 7.00

4-4.已知下列各种弱酸的K?a值,求它们的共轭碱的K?b值,并比较各共轭碱的相对强弱。

(1) K?a(HCN) = 6.2×10?10 (2) K?a(HCOOH) =1.8×10?4 (3) K?a(C6H5COOH苯甲酸)=6.2×10?5

?10

(4) K?a(H6O5OH苯酚)=1.1×10 (5) K?a(HAsO2)=6.0×10?10

(6) K?a1(H2C2O4)=5.9×10?2 , K?a2=6.4×10?5 解: (1)HCN (2)HCOOH (3)C6H5COOH (4)C6H5OH (5)HAsO2

Ka= 6.2?10 K b=Kw/6.2?10=1.6?10 Ka= 1.8?10?4 Kb=Kw /1.8?10?4 =5.6?10?11 Ka= 6.2?10?5 Kb=Kw /6.2?10?5 =1.61×10?10 Ka=1.1?10

?10?10

?10

?5

K b=Kw /1.1?10

?10

=9.1?10

?5

Ka=6.0?10?10 K b=Kw /6.0?10?10 =1.7?10?5

(6)H2C2O4 Ka1=5.9?10?2 K b2=Kw /5.9?10?2 =1.7?10?13

Ka2=6.4?10?5 Kb1=Kw /6.4?10?5 =1.5 ×10?10

碱性强弱:C6H5O? > AsO2? > CN? > C6H5COO?>C2O42? > HCOO? > HC2O4? 4-5.用质子理论判断下列物质哪些是酸?并写出它的共轭碱。哪些是碱?也写出它的共轭酸。其中哪些既是酸又是碱?(列表)

H2PO4;CO3;NH3;NO3;H2O;HSO4;HS;HCl.。

解: 酸 共轭碱 碱 H2PO4-

HPO42?

H2PO4-

共轭酸 H3PO4

既是酸又是碱

H2PO4-

?

2?

?

?

?

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