中考情态动词讲解

发布时间 : 星期二 文章中考情态动词讲解更新完毕开始阅读

【情态动词知识梳理】

情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。

情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 情态动词的语法特征

1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。 2) 情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。 3) 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。 1. can的用法: 一、 can, could

1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”,即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may和must均不可代替它。 Can you lift this heavy box?(体力) Mary can speak three languages.(知识) Can you skate?(技能)

此时可用be able to代替,can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。 I’ll not be able to come this afternoon. 2) 表示请求和允许,常在口语中。 -----Can I go now?

----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。 ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。

They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least.

4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度,用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。此时can’t译为“不可能”。

Can this be true?

This can’t be done by him.

He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. —Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗?

—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。

【例题】—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.

—No. She __be there, I have just been there. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t

【解析】根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知,应为“不可能”,can’t表示推测[答案] A 对比:be able to 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。 两者表示能力时用法相同,但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式,在其他时态中要用be able to来表示。

另外be able to常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。 He has been able to drive.他已经会开车了。

I’m sure you’ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。

We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶。 2. could的用法:

(1)can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力。 如:He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。

(2)could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。 如: Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗? ---Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? --Yes, you can. 可以。

1.----_____ you help me answer the telephone? ----OK.

A. Can B. May C. Need D. Must

2. Tom is young but he ____ fly a kite by himself. A. can B. may C. need D. Must

3. ——Listen! Is that Kate playing the piano in the room? ------No. It_____ be Kate. She has gone to London.

A. may not B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. can’t 4. -----Could I cross the street here? -----Of course you _____.

A. could B. can C. are able to D. will 5. ----Mum , _____ I play computer games?

---Yes,, you can, but you have to finish your home work first. A. would B. must C. may D. need 3. may的用法:

(1).表示请求、许可,比can正式。

如:May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行车吗?

You may go home now.现在你可以回家了。

(2) 表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中。

如:It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨。

She may be at home.她可能在家呢.

(3) may的过去式为might,表示推测时。可能性低于may。 如:He is away from school. He might be sick.

他离开学校了,可能是他生病了。

(4) 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如:May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。 May you be happy!祝你幸福! May you succeed!祝你成功! 对比: may be和maybe

用法区别 常用位置

may be may为情态动词,be为动词原形 句中,作谓语 maybe 副词,大概、也许,相当于perhaps 句首,作状语 例如:He may be wrong , but I’m not sure.也许他错了,但我也不确定。 【例题】—_______ I borrow your MP3?—Sure . Here you are. A. May B. Should C. Must D. Would

【解析】在此处表示请求,意为“做……可以吗”。 答案:A 1. She ____ know the answer, but I’m not sure. A. maybe B. may be C. may D. must

2. ----Tom, don’t drive too fast, you ____ hit the others’ cars. ----OK.

A. must B. need C. may D. have to 4. must的用法:

(1).must表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”。

如:You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。 Must I hand in my homework right now?我必须现在交作业吗? (2)must表示有把握的推测,(只用于肯定的陈述句)。

如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。 You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. (3)其否定形式mustn’t 表示“一定不要”“千万别”“禁止, 不许”。如: You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火。 You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。

(4)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must, 否定回答为needn’t 或 don’t have to . 如:---Must I finish my homework? 我现在必须完成作业吗? ---No, you needn’t. 不,你不必。

对比 have to

must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。

The play isn’t interesting, I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age.

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night. 我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。

I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。

1.Cars and buses ____ stop when the traffic lights turn red. A. can B. need C. may D. must 2.-----_______ we attend the party? -----No, you needn’t. You are free. A. Must B. Can C. May D. Shall

3. -----Must I hand in all my money , Mum?

----No, you ___ . You can use it to buy some school things. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. should

4.You __ be tired after walking such a long way. Do sit down and have a rest. A. can B. must C. should D. need 5. need的用法:

(1)need表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,,意为“没有必要,不必”。 用need提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用 needn’t。 如:—Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗? —Yes, you must .是的。—No. you needn’t .不,你不必。

need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语后边多接动词 不定式。

如:I need to do it right now.我需要马上做这件事。

He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。

如果是物作主语,一般用need doing与need to be done,这种情况下应注意两点: ①主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。

例如:The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.那扇门需要油漆一下。 Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired.你的车需要维修了。 1.You ___ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.

A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come C. don’t need coming D. needn’t come 2.-----Let’s go to Taishan Park by taxi. -----It’s not far. We ___take a taxi.

A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t 7. shall的用法:

shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称),

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