发布时间 : 星期四 文章国际商务英语简要和课后答案更新完毕开始阅读
often rich in resources. Once tapped, the business potential of these countries will one day become real business opportunities.
5.Was China a low-income country a few years ago? How about now?
A: China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low-income country just a few years ago.
6.What does the term “Triad” refers to? What is meant by Quad?
A: The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world; the United States, the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities. The scope of Triad to include Canada and name the broadened grouping Quad.
7. How much do you know about OECD? Please make a brief account.
A: OECD means Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The organization is included 29 members, 23 of them are high-income countries and 6 are middle-income countries. The headquarters is in Paris.
8. What is the best policy for China to develop business opportunities?
A: So far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, India and a bit farther away Australia. These countries or regions either have rich consumers and offer good business opportunities or are developing fast with very promising market potential. And their geographical proximity to China is a great advantage for us in developing business relations with them.
Translate the following sentences into English:
1. 民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念。区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。
GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a country’s total income. The difference between them is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the country where production takes place.
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2. 要评估某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索。
In assessing the potential of a country as a market, people often look at per capita income since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents..
3. 世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域：高收入国家，中等收入国家和低收入国家。
Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income, middle-income and low-income economies.
4. 中国现在年人均收入为1100美元以上，但几年前它还是个低收入国家。 China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low-income country just a few years ago.
5. 就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎、东盟国家、俄罗斯等国，这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提供很好的商机。 As far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, etc. These countries with very promising market potential and can offer good business opportunities to China.
Lesson 3
Regional Economic Integration
Business Knowledge:
(1) Major objectives of regional integration * (2) For levels of regional economic integration
A. Free trade area B. Customs union C. Common market D. Economic union (3) European Union (EU)
(4) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
(5) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Trade Terms:
1. Economic integration经济一体化
2. Free trade area自由贸易区: The members remove barriers to trade among
themselves while still adopts each own external policy
3. Customs union关税同盟: The members remove barriers to trade among
themselves and adopt the same external policy 4. Tariff rates关税税率 5. Settlement
6. NAFTA北美自由贸易协定: North American Free Trade Agreement
7. Common market共同市场: The members remove barriers not only to trade but
also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy. 8. Banknotes circulation货币流通 9. Cartel卡塔尔
10. APEC亚太经合组织，亚洲太平洋经济合作组织: Asia Pacific Economic
Cooperation
11. OPEC石油输出国组织: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 12. European Commission欧盟委员会 13. Council of ministers部长理事会
14. Dual-Ministerial Meeting双部长会议 15. Quota Restrictions配额限制
16. Economic Union (EU)经济同盟: The members remove barriers not only to trade
but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency.
17. EU欧盟，欧洲联盟: European Union
18. EC欧共体，欧洲共同体: European Community
19. Benelux荷比卢（比利时、荷兰和卢森堡三国）:Belgium, Netherlands,
Luxemburg
20. Mercousur南方共同市场: Southern Cone Customs Union
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21. ECSC欧洲煤钢共同体: European Coal and Steel Community 22. EEC欧洲经济共同体: European Economic Community
23. EURATOM欧洲原子能共同体，欧洲原子能联营: European Atomic Energy
Community
24. SOM高官会议: Senior Officials Meeting
25. TILF贸易投资便利化自由化: Trade and investment liberation and facilitation 26. ECOTECH经济技术合作: Economic and technical cooperation 27. Political entity政治实体 28. Sovereign state主权国家 29. Multi-polarization多极化 30. Sub-committee分委员会
31. NTA新跨大西洋议程: New Transatlantic Agenda
32. TABD跨大西洋商业对话: Transatlantic Business Dialogue 33. TACD跨大西洋消费者对话: Transatlantic Consumer Dialogue 34. Territory economies区域经济体 35. Pacific Rim环太平洋圈
36. Informal Meeting of Economic Leaders领导人非正式会议
Answer the following questions:
1. What is a free trade area? Make a brief account of the most notable free
trade area in the world.
A: Free trade area is the loosest form in the regional economic integration. Members in this form removes barriers to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regards to trade with outsiders. The most notable one is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the largest free market formed by the United States, Canada and Mexico in 1991 with over 360 million consumers and total GDP of more than 6 trillion US dollars.
2. In what way is a customs union different from a free trade area?
A: The Customs Union goes a step further by adopting the same trade policy for all the members toward countries outside their organization in addition to abolishing
trade barriers among themselves. Imports from other countries are subject to the same tariff.
3. What are the characteristics of a common market? Which organization
remained a common market for some years in the past?
A: The common market is further up the scale of regional economic integration. Besides free movement of goods and services and adoption of common external trade policy, factors of production such as labor, capital and technology are free to move among members so that they can be utilized in a more efficient and productive way. In the past, the European Community remained a common market for some years.
4. How much do you know about an economic union? Can members of an
economic union keep all of their national sovereignty?
A: The economic union is the highest form of economic integration, which is characterized by integration of the domestic policies of its members in respect of economy, finance etc. in addition to absence of trade barriers, practice of common external policy and free production factor mobility. The members of an Economic Union are required not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies, etc., but also use the same currency.
The member countries of an economic union are required to surrender some of their national sovereignty, which is eroding the tradition of the world political system based on the autonomy and supreme power of sovereign states.
5. Make a brief account of the origin and development of the EU.
A: The first community, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was established in 1952, which set the stage for more ambitious integration efforts.
The signing of the monumental Treaty of Rome in 1957 marks the establishment of the European Economic Community with the aim of gradually realizing the free movement of goods, services, labor and capital as well as the harmonization of economic policies of the member countries.
Ten years later in 1967, the European Community was formed by merging EEC, ECSC and European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM).
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1992 it became a true common market as envisaged by the Single European Act. Then on January 1, 1994 the European Union (EU) came into being on the strength of the Maastricht Treaty.
From the beginning of 1999 most of the members began to use the common European currency for accounting and settlement and in 2002, euro banknotes and coins were put into circulation.
6. What is the most powerful institution of the EU? What is the executive body
of the EU? How does it operate?
A: The most powerful institution of the EU is the Council of Ministers.
Its executive body is the European Commission composed of 20 commissioners overseeing 23 departments in charge of different affairs.
Decisions of the council are made by votes allocated to member countries on the basis of their size. Different ministers attend the council meeting depending on the matters discussed. The council even has the power to pass legislation.
7. Explain briefly the five layer organizational structure of Asia-Pacific
Economic Cooperation.
A: a. the Informal Meeting of Economic leaders b. Dual-Ministerial Meeting
c. Ministers Responsible for Trade d. The Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)
e. Subordinate committees under SOM: Committee of Trade and Investment, Economic Committee, Economic and Technical Cooperation Sub-committee of SOM and Budget Management Committee.
8. What are the tenet and objectives of APEC? What do its two wheels mean? A: The tenet and objectives of APEC are inter-dependence, mutual benefits, adhering to an open and multilateral trading system and reduction of regional trade barriers. Its two wheels mean trade and investment liberation and facilitation (TILF) and economic and technical cooperation (ECOTECH).
9. What are the nature and objectives of OPEC?
A: OPEC is a commodity cartel. It tried to limit the overall crude oil supply of the world for the purpose of maintaining higher oil prices.
Translate the following sentences into English:
1. 过去的几十年，地区经济一体化越来越重要。
The past decades witnessed increasingly growing importance of regional economic integration.
2. 最著名的自由贸易区是北美自由贸易区，它是由美国、加拿大和墨西哥于
1991年建立的。
The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the largest free market formed by the United States, Canada and Mexico in 1991.
3. 经济联盟成员国不仅要在税收、政府开支、企业策略等方面保持一致，而且
还应使用同一货币。
The members of an Economic Union are required not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry polices, etc., but also use the same currency.
4. 欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一，此机构将提议呈交给部长理事会做决
定，并监督各成员国根据所制定的条约履行自己的义务。
The European Commission is one of the governing organs of the European Union. It is the body that puts proposals to the Council of Minister for decision and sees that the members carry out their duties under the treaty.
5. APEC建立于在澳大利亚首都堪培拉召开的一次部长级会议上。当时有12
位成员国出席，分别为澳大利亚、美国、加拿大、日本、新西兰和东盟六国。 APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the Australian capital Canberra attended by 12 members of Australia, the United States, Canada, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand and six ASEAN countries.
Lesson 4
Economic Globalization
Business Knowledge:
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(1) Economic globalization as an objective trend
A. Basic feature *
B. Advantages and negative impacts (2) Multinational corporations
A. Organization- parent and affiliates B. Characteristics
a. Enormous in size
b. Wide geographical spread c. Longevity and rapid growth C. Need, goals and roles
a. Profit b. Security
c. As vehicles for cross-border transfer resources D. Four types
a. Multi-domestic corporation b. Global corporation
c. Transnational corporation d. World company
Trade Terms:
1. Share holders股东
2. Economic globalization经济全球化 3. Board of directors董事会 4. Inputs投入
5. Economic environment经济环境
6. Parent MNC headquarter跨国公司母公司，总部 7. Affiliate MNC子公司，分支机构，附属机构 8. Branch company分公司 9. Subsidiary company子公司 10. Day-to-day running日常管理
11. MNC跨国公司=TNC: Multinational corporation, are made up of vast numbers