发布时间 : 星期日 文章NO的产生与信号途径更新完毕开始阅读
很多先天性抗病性都与抗病基因表达有关，在植物中NO信号传递给抗性基因表达通常是包括激活鸟苷酸环化酶和增加cGMP水平。NO诱导的PR1和PAL1基因与SA的合成有关，并且NO能导致SA积累，但是拟制了由茉莉酸调节的信号途径。SA在HR调节的抗性中起着关键作用，部分是通过PR蛋白的诱导和增强大量抗性基因表达和氧化爆发。NO能通过改变植物中SA水平来调节植物抗病性。研究发现转基因烟草NahG不能合成SA，NO处理不能诱导PR 1的表达，表明NO诱导的PR 1表达需由SA介导。而且NO供体处理试验中，将TMV接种于烟草，NO处理能减轻野生型烟草过敏反应形成的坏死斑，而对NahG烟草却没有影响，相反NOS抑制剂或NO清除剂处理能减弱SA诱导的SAR。此外NO能激活烟草中 SA诱导的蛋白激酶和拟南芥中一个受Ca2+和Ca2+结合蛋白调节的MAPK级联反应。这些试验结果说明 NO在植物 SAR 的信号转导途径中起重要作用，但其活性完全依赖于SA(Zottini et al.,2007)。 4 展望
NO现在被确定为许多物种中一个关键的信号分子。在植物中，NO把许多新陈代谢协调的结合起来。在植物的抗病反应中，NO信号调节气孔的关闭、抑制开花、阻止一些酶的活性、激活丝裂原激活蛋白(MAP)激酶信号通路、调节细胞循环基因的表达、参与花粉管的重新取向、降低种子的休眠和刺激种子萌发。NO还调节许多合成和对应答茉莉酸的基因、病原应答、乙烯合成和信号传导、苯基丙酸类合成途径、蛋白抗氧化机制、光合作用、细胞运输、细胞死亡和一些其他基本代谢途径。据推测，NO还在柱头对花粉识别的生殖机制等过程中起作用。此外诱导cGMP水平的增加，并且也增加细胞内Ca2+自由离子。在植物中还有很多与NO有关的机制，包括抗逆和抗病机制都有很多地方未阐释清，今后对NO的研究包括植物NOS基因的克隆、亚硝基化作用的分子调控机制及与翻译后修饰的生理功能的相关性等。
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