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发布时间 : 星期三 文章过去分词作定语与状语更新完毕开始阅读

1)作状语的过去分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。

Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。

(过去分词Written作原因状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语this article,是动作的承受者。) 对比:

Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用。 (现在分词Using作时间状语,其逻辑主语也是句子的主语I,动作是主语发出的。) 注意:

如果过去分词作状语时,主句的主语不是分词的逻辑主语,而是在前面另加了逻辑主语,这种结构叫独立主格结构。

The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了。 (given 的逻辑主语是the signal,不是主句主语 the bus。) Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地走了过去。 (held high 的逻辑主语是her head,而不是主句主语 she。)

2)过去分词作状语时的特点也是被动、完成。及物动词的过去分词形式语态上表示被动,时间上表示已经完成,有时也表示模糊的时间概念。

Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。

(used与句子的主语是被动关系----书是被用的;used的动作已经完成) 3)如果我们把该分词短语转变为一个状语从句时,该状语从句也应该具备两个特征:

◆ 从句的主语和主句的主语必须一致; ◆ 谓语动词为被动语态形式。

Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. = As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.

因为担心旅程,前几天我感到心绪不宁。

Though warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. =

Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.

虽然得到了警告,农民们还是在地里干着活。

4)分词作状语时,有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚,可在分词前加连词,如when, while, unless, once, though, even if, than等,这时分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。也可以理解为:当这些连词引导的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句中的主语和be动词部分可以省略。

When (you are) given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 做体格检查时要保持镇定。

Don’t speak until (you are) spoken to. 别人对你说话时你再说话。 (注意:主语主句是祈使句,祈使句的主语一般是you) Even if (I’m) invited, I won’t take part in the party. 即使被邀请,我也不会参加这个聚会。

While (he was) waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.

他在那儿等着的时候,看见两个靓妹走出大楼。

5)过去分词作状语,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随等。 ① 表示时间

When asked why he was late, he went red. 当问他为什么迟到时,他脸红了。 He didn’t say anything until invited. 直到被邀请,他才说话。 ② 表示条件

United, we stand; divided, we fall. 联合,我们就能站立;分裂,我们必然倒下。

Given more money, we could do it better. 如果多给点钱,我们会做得更好。 ③ 表示原因

Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital. 由于伤得很严重,他不得不被送往医院。

Surprised at what happened,Tom didn’t know what to do. 因为对发生的事感到吃惊,汤姆不知道该做什么了。 ④ 表示让步

Though warned many times, the boy still reads in bed. 虽然警告了他好多次,那个男孩还是躺在床上读书。

Even if given more money, I can’t finish the work only by myself. 即使给再多的钱,我一个人也做不完这个工作。 ⑤ 表示伴随、方式

The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students. 老师走进教室,后面跟着一群学生。

He turned away disappointed. 他失望地走开了。

用法讲解

分词作状语的区别

1)现在分词作状语,句子的主语是现在分词的动作的执行者,而过去分词作状语,句子的主语是分词的动作承受者。

Seeing the new bike, he jumped with joy. 看见了新自行车,他高兴地跳了起来。

(he做了see这个动作)

Seen from here, the picture appears beautiful indeed. 在这里看,这张画确实很美丽。 (画是被看的)

2)从时间上看。过去分词可以表示完成或模糊的时间概念,而与现在分词的一般式表示与主语动词同时或几乎同时发生,现在分词的完成式表示先于谓语动词发生。

Arriving there, they found the boy ill. 他们到那时发现男孩病了。 (arriving与found同时发生)

Hearing the noise outside, he rushed out. 听到外面的吵闹声,他冲了出去。 (hear和rush几乎同时发生)

Having finished his homework, he went out. 做完了作业,他出去了。 (finish先于went)

Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small. 从山顶上看,城市看上去很小。

(seen不表示完成,也不强调正在进行,只表示被动)

Explained many times(= Having been explained many times), he

understood what to do in the end. 给他解释了好多次了,他终于知道该做什么了。

(Explain与句子的主语是被动的,而且在谓语动作understood之前完成,可以用过去分词表示,相当于现在分词的完成式的被动形式,但是后者Having been explained更强调已经完成。) 注意:

作方式或伴随状语时常用过去分词,习惯上不用being followed。 The hunter, followed by his wolf dog, walked slowly in the forest. 猎人在森林里慢慢地走着,后面跟着一只狼狗。

(followed是伴随状语,表示猎人走着时的伴随状况,不表示已经完成;因为作伴随状语,不用being followed) 拓展:不定式作状语

不定式作状语,多表示目的、原因、结果等。

None of us would choose to stop to have a rest. 没有人愿意停下来休息。(目的)

I’m sorry to have troubled you so much. 麻烦你这么多,真对不起。(原因)

(多跟在表示高兴、愉快、生气、荣耀、遗憾等情绪的形容词之后)