发布时间 : 星期日 文章高中英语语法总结大全完整版更新完毕开始阅读
过去时 dared not do did not dare (to) do
疑问句 现在时 Dare he do? Do you/Does he dear (to) do? 过去时 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do
needn’t have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要…”。例如：
You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today 10.表推测的情态动词句子的反意疑问句 He must/may be in the room, isn’t he? He can’t be in the room, is he？
He must have finished the work, hasn’t he?
He may have done the work last night, didn’t he?
：情态动词+行为动词进行式
情态动词+行为动词进行式（即情态动词+ be + v-ing形式），表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如： 1）He must be playing basketball in the room.
2）She may be staying at home. 11.情态动词+行为动词完成进行式
情态动词+行为动词完成进行式（即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式），表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如：
1）They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.
2）He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him. 12.used to +v, be used to +v-ing和be used to +v （1）used to +v意为“过去常常”，“过去一直”；be used to +v-ing / n（名词）意为“习惯于”；be used to +v意为“被用来（做某事）”。
（2）used to只表示过去，而be used to +v-ing / n可表示现在、过去或将来。例如： 1）He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t.
2）He’s quite used to hard work / working hard. 3）The knife is used to cut bread. 13．用作情态动词的其他短语
would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情态动词。例如：
1）The soldier would sooner die than surrender.
2）The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy. 3）I’d rather walk than take a bus.
4）If you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.
注：这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引导的从句，that 常省去，从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如：
1）I would rather you came on Sunday.
2）I would sooner you hadn’t asked me to speak yesterday.
三. 巩固练习:
1. _____ you ready? (A) Are (B) Have (C) Will (D) Can 2. ____ here early? (A) Will he (B) Was he (C) Did he be (D) Were he 3. I ___ happy about the price of eggs. (A) am't (B) am not (C) do not (D) won’t
4. Since last year I____ him only once. (A) have seen (B) have been seeing (C) see (D) was seeing 5. Donald ___ sixteen tomorrow. (A) is being (B) going to be (C) shall be (D) will be 6. I ___ the story at all. (A) don't like (B) like (C) am fond of (D) would like 7. I would rather ___ than play now. (A) to study (B)am studying (C) study (D) studied 8. I'd rather you ___ anything about it for the time being. (A) do (B) didn't do (C) don't (D) didn't 9. The car___much money.
(A) not cost (B) not have cost (C) isn't cost (D) didn't cost 10. I ___ like to eat fish.
(A) am (B) have (C) do (D) be 11. ___ repeat the question? (A) Shall I (B) Will I (C)Would you like that I (D) Do you want that I 12. My teacher knows more than ___. (A) my uncle knows (B) my uncle does (C) they know (D)they don't know 13. He___to meet us at the station, but didn't see us. (A) did go (B) did went (C) goes (D) had 14. Not only ____us light. (A) does the sun give (B) the sun gives (C) gives the sun (D) the sun does give 15. ____ you tell me what has happened? (A) May (B) Must (C) Can (D) Could 16. Anne___tomorrow.
(A) can sing (B) can to sing (C) is going sing (D) going to sing 17. You___hand it in at once, you may hand it in tomorrow. (A) needn't (B) may not (C) can't (D) must not 18. Tell the boy that he ___ in the river. (A) swims (B) swim (C) swimming (D) to swim 19. Joan___play on Saturday.
(A) going to (B) can (C) is going (D) can to 20. Susan and I can go to the lecture ___.
(A) but neither can Charles (B) and so Charies can (C) but Charles can't (D) and Charles also can
四.答案
1. (A) 2, (B) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5, 11. (A)
12.
(B)
13.
(A)
14.
(A)
15.
第七章 动词不定式
一.相关知识点精讲:
1. 不定式作补语
1） 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如：
6, 16.
7. 17.
(D) (D)
(A) (A)
advise allow cause challenge command compel drive 驱使 enable encourage forbid force impel induce instruct invite like/love order permit make let have want get warn persuade request send tell train urge 例如；
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。例如： consider find believe think declare（声appoint
称）
guess fancy（设想） guess judge imagine know 例如：
We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。（to be 不能省去） 典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 答案：C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构，排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C。 3) 有些动词可以跟there +to be的结构。例如： believe expect intend like love mean prefer want wish understand 例如：
We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。 You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。 2. 不定式作主语
不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 例如：It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 但是，用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型。另外，这样的句子，不能用动名词作表语。
3. It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法：
用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则
用for。例如：
You are nice. （通顺，所以应用of）。
He is hard. （非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。） 4. 不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。 His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。 5. 不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如： I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事要做。
There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。 6. 不定式作状语 1）目的状语
常用结构为to do , only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do, so as to do, so（such）… as to…（如此…以便…）。例如：
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。 I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。 3） 表原因
I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。
She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。 4）表示理由和条件
He must be a fool to say so.
You will do well to speak more carefully. 7.用作介词的to
to 可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to 都用作介词： admit to object to be accustomed to be used to stick to turn to开始 look forward be devoted pay attention to contribute apologize devote oneself to to to to to 8. 省去to 的动词不定式
1） 情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后。
2） 使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。
注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如： I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3） would rather，had better句型后 4） Why… / why no…句型后
5） help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth：
6） but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。
比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。