发布时间 : 星期日 文章专业四级语法与词汇辅导 -更新完毕开始阅读
语法与词汇部分应试技巧
考试要求：
熟练掌握专四考试大纲一级至四级的所有语法结构，5500至6000个单词，认识其中的3000至4000个词汇及其基本搭配；考试时间为15分钟。 考试形式：
考试题型为选择题，共30题，总分25分。其中50%为词汇、词组及短语题；50%为语法结构题。语法结构题主要考一些难点，如：时态，虚拟语气、状语从句、定语从句、独立主格及情态动词等。
授课安排：(语法考试的5个方面以及词汇练习) Week 1 时态、语态、主谓一致，近义词辨析，相关真题 Week 2 从句，形近义异词辨析，相关真题 Week 3 虚拟语气，短语动词，相关真题 Week 4 非谓语动词，固定搭配，相关真题
Week 5 倒装、省略、比较结构及其他，相关真题
同时给出模拟题答案，集中模拟题上的问题，统一解答。
Week One 一、 时态、语态、主谓一致 时态：
1． 在由(till, until, up till, up until) now, so far, up to the present, by far, by now ，recently等短语
做状语的句子中一般用现在完成时。 2． 在It is the first (second…) time that… 句型中，一般用现在完成时，而当谓语动词是was 时，
要用过去完成时。 It was the first time (1990) that I had been here.
3． 现在进行时与过去进行时都可以与continually, constantly, forever, always 等频度副词联用，
表示经常发生或具有持续性的事情，或表示欣赏或不满，抱怨的情绪。 How can I concentrate on my book if you are constantly interrupting me with questions? My mother is forever getting up early in the morning to prepare breakfast for me.
4． Be 动词用于进行时being，与表示动作意义的形容词连用时，表示正在发生的一种情况，而
不是对一般情况的静态描述。 She is being silly. 她这样做是发傻。
5． 将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般都是安排好的。也可表示预料不久
就要发生的事情。 “In a few days, I will be taking a train to Tibet,” the volunteer said.
“We shall be having an interview with you next Monday,” the man said to the job applicants. 6． 将来完成时表示将来某一时间之前所完成的动作，也可表示对未来的推测。
I hope it will have stopped raining before next Monday. You will have finished your schooling by 2012.
7． 现在完成进行时，表示一个动作从过去某个时候开始，一直延续到说话时，或刚刚结束。 Chinese leaders have been pointing out the necessity for economical development.
I have been learning English for 10 years.
8． Hope, intend, mean, suppose 等词用于一般过去时，或过去完成时，表示过去未实现的打算。
I had intended to call you on, but my boss wanted to talk with me, and I couldn’t get away.
I meant to meet you this afternoon, but you are not available. 9． 过去将来完成时表示从过去某个时间看将来要完成的动作。
Linda was to have started the experiment a month ago, but she was ill. 10. 如果是对影视、戏剧、小说等文学作品的评论，可以用一般现在时，如：
Cao Xueqin displays various aspects of traditional Chinese culture in his masterpiece Dream of Red Mansion. 语态：
1. 有些动词后跟某些副词，用主动语态，表示被动含义，如： wash, write, sell, lock, shut, clean, 等等。如: This kind of cloth washes well.
2. 在want, deserve, need, require 等动词后面用动名词主动语态表示被动含义， 后面也可以接
不定式的被动语态，如: The house needs mentioning. The house needs to be mended. 3. 有些及物动词不可以用被动语态，如：
beg, lack, have, contain, cost, equal, fail, fit, have, hold, possess, resemble等。
4. 使役动词have, make 及感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, listen to 在主动语态中后跟不带to的动词原形，在被动语态中to 要加上。如： The boss made the secretary work overtime. The secretary was made to work overtime.
主谓一致:
1． More than one …或many a …构成的主语从意义上看是复数，但后面跟动词的单数形式，如：
More than one country is involved in the financial crisis. Many a friend is at hand when I’m in trouble.
2． 当主语后面跟with, together with, along with, in addition to, as well as, as much as, rather than,
more than, no less than, except, but 等时，后面的谓语动词的形式视主语而定，如： A doctor, together with a group of nurses, was sent to rescue the victims in the accident. His parents, more than himself, feel excited at his new job. Fruit, as much as vegetable, is indispensable to our health.
3． Each …and each …，every … and every … ，no … and no… 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数
形式，如：
No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting on how to deal with emergencies. 4． Or, either … or…, neither … nor …, not only … but also … 等连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语
动词根据就近原则处理，如： Neither my wife nor I myself am willing to leave the countryside and live in the city.
5． All, most, enough, some, half, the rest, the remainder of … 等短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复
数形式由of后面的短语决定，如：
Most of the tree has withered.
Most of the data are available. (datum的复数形式) 相关真题：
1. In his plays Shakespeare _______ his characters live through their language. A. would make B. had made C. made D. makes
2. The student said there were a few points in the essay ____ impossible to comprehend.
A. had found B. found C. would find D. has found
3. He would have finished his college education, but he _____ to give up and find a job. A. had had B. had C. has D. would have
4. The research requires more money than _____ .
A. have been put in B. has been put in C. being put in D. to be put in 5. The statistics _____ the living conditions in this area have improved dramatically. A. proves B. is proving C. are proving D. prove
6. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _____ until yesterday. A. will B. was coming C. had been coming D. came
7. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ______ going to agree upon anything today.
A. neither you nor I are B. neither you nor me is C. neither you nor I am D. neither I nor you
are
二、
同义词辨析
1. According to the new tax law, any money earned over that level is taxed at the ______ of 59 per cent.
A. ratio B. proportion C. percentage D. rate Ratio: The ratios of 1 to 5 and 20 to 100 are the same. 1比等于20比100。
Men outnumber women here in the ratio of three to one. （outsmart，比---精明;outwit，智力上超过; outvote得票超过；outweigh重于） 此地男子数量以三比一超过女子。
The ratio of schoolboys to schoolgirls is 2 to 1. 男学生和女学生的比例是2比1。
Rate: amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis 同义词：charge per unit
Proportion: 部分与部分，部分与整体之间的平衡，比例大小 His head is out of proportion to his body. This painting lacks proportion.
In proportion to length of her coat, the belt is a little higher.
2. The moon, being much nearer to the Earth than to the Sun, is the ______ cause of the tides. A. basic B. principal C. elementary D. initial
Food, clothing and shelter are the basic necessities of living. (the simplest in form but significant)
My principal concern is my family’s welfare. 我至为关心的是我家人的幸福。
3. The reception was attended by ____ members of the local community.
A. prominent B. conspicuous C. noticeable D. excellent prominent: better than others and thus attracting others’ attention 出席招待会的是当地的一些要人。
相关练习：
1. The tuition fees are ______ to students coming from low-income families.
Affordable, approachable, reachable, payable(可偿付The price is payable in monthly
installments. 本价格可按月分期付款。)
2. As the manager is away on a business trip, I was asked to _____ the weekly staff
meeting.
Chair, dominate, hold, preside
3. More often than not, it is difficult to ______ the exact meaning of a Chinese idiom in
English.
Transfer, convey, convert, exchange
4. Mary hoped to be ______ from hospital next week. Dismissed, discharged, expelled, resigned The judge discharged the prisoner.
5. A large amount of money will be needed to _____ the previous splendor of the palace. Renew, renovate, restore, refresh
6. I couldn’t sleep because last night the tap in the bathroom was _____. Dropping, dripping ,leaking
The fruit is dropping down from the tree. The umbrella is dripping all over the floor.
The roof is leaking. The pipe is dripping.
7. In the _____ of the atomic bombing in Hiroshima, many people who had no visible
wounds and scars began to vomit and their hair began to fall. Aftermath, consequence, effect, result.
8. In peak season, there are almost no ______ rooms in this seaside resort.
Empty, vacant(座位，旅馆房间，房屋等空着； the job is vacant. Sorry, we have no vacancy对不起， 我们客满)
9. It’s well known that new science and technology have ______ improved our work efficiency.
Severely, extremely, radically, dramatically,( radically:彻底的，完全的。Sth has changed radically；；The new methods are radically different from the old.新方法迥然不同于旧方法)
10. In writing class, the _____ are often read to the students as examples.
Fragments, extracts, (I overheard a fragment of their conversation 无意中听到他们谈话的片段)
11. After the baby fell asleep, the young mother got around to cleaning the floor covered
with _____ of paper and toys. Slices, sheets, scraps, pages
12. The liar _____ that he had never lied before. Declared, confessed, admitted, claimed
13. Mr. Thompson is _____ of his money although he is rich.
Thrifty （with）, economic（可赚钱的有利可图）, frugal；economical（He is economical 他精打细算）
14. We should bear in mind that _____ decisions often result in serious consequences. Instant（立即，instant dislike to the man,立刻讨厌那个人；即食的，方便的）, hasty, urgent, hurried
15. His ____ brain always brings us novel ideas.