发布时间 : 星期二 文章2020年高考英语二轮复习专题05 阅读理解Ⅲ：推理判断题(讲练)(含解析)更新完毕开始阅读
15．Why does the author write this passage? A．To suggest the efficient ways to reduce stress. B．To prevent the features and functions of cortisol. C．To explain how cortisol affects people s stress level. D．To show stress can cause memory loss and brain shrinkage. 【答案】12．D13．B14．A15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现，中年压力会使大脑萎缩，记忆力下降，且压力对大脑的削弱作用是由皮质醇引起的。一个人感受到的压力越大，他的皮质醇水平就越高。但是高水平的压力荷尔蒙可能会导致人患上痴呆症，以及压力也使人们的思维能力更差。因此，人们找到减轻压力的方法很重要。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段中So it's important for people to find ways to reduce stress, such as getting enough sleep, taking part in moderate exercise, making relaxation techniques part of their daily lives or asking their doctor about their cortisol levels and taking a cortisol-reducing medication if needed. (因此，人们找到减轻压力的方法是很重要的，比如获得足够的睡眠，参加适度的锻炼，将放松技巧作为日常生活的一部分，或者询问医生他们的皮质醇水平，如果需要的话服用降低皮质醇的药物)结合选项分析可知Echouffo-Tcheugui博士可能会建议人们骑自行车环湖减压。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中when we are stressed, cortisol levels increase (当我们感到压力时，皮质醇水平会上升)以及后文High cortisol levels can be caused by stress, medical conditions or medications. (高皮质醇水平可能是由压力、医疗条件或药物引起的)可知关于皮质醇，作者可能会同意一个人感受到的压力越大，他的皮质醇水平就越高的观点。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Cortisol affects many different functions so it is important to fully investigate how high levels of the hormone may affect the brain,\“皮质醇影响许多不同的功能，因此充分研究高水平的皮质醇对大脑的影响是很重要的，”Echouffo Tcheugui博士说)可知根据Echouffo-Tcheugui博士的观点，未来研究的可能方向是皮质醇水平对人类大脑的影响。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Stress in middle age can make your brain shrink and make your memory worse, scientists have discovered.(科学家发现，中年压力会使大脑萎缩，记忆力下降)以及文章主要内容为说明科学家发现，中年压力会使大脑萎缩，记忆力下降，且压力对大脑的削弱作用是由皮质醇引起的。一个人感受到的压力越大，他的皮质醇水平就越高。但是高水平的压力荷尔蒙可能会导致人患上痴呆症，以及压力也使人们的思维能力更差。可知作者写这篇文章是为了表明压力会导致记忆丧失和大脑萎缩。故选D。
D【2019·天津】
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egoswhether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept. （自我），
Many of us equate（视……等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________. A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ A. End one's struggle for liberty.
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B. Waste one's energy taking risks. C. Miss the opportunity to succeed. D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？ A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped. B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead. C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind. D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？ A. A tough man can tolerate suffering. B. A wise man can live without self-pity. C. A man should try to satisfy people around him. D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life. 55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？ A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life. B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning. D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career. 【答案】51. B 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. A 【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了如何过一种有意义的成人的生活。
51. B 推理判断题。根据第一段中此人53岁，有债务，生活不幸，身上还有伤，但他下决心写一本，而且此书还获得了成功，350年依旧受欢迎，可知作者通过Cervantes的故事来表明年龄不是一个人实现目标的障碍，故答案为B。
52. D 词义猜测题。根据划线单词下的作者说我要讨论的是那些停止学习的人的成长，他们在流逝的岁月里采用的是固定的态度和观点，不想通过学习进步，可知划线短语的意思是“无兴趣学习的人”，故答案为D。 53. C 推理判断题。根据第四段中我们在自己专业的领域里取得成功，然后深陷其中，没有什么使我们吃惊，我们也没有惊奇的意识，即指我们失去了好奇心。但后一句说，如果我们愿意学习的话，我们还有机会成功。暗含的意思就是如果我们有好奇心的话，我们就有机会获得成功，故答案为C。
54. D 推理判断题。作者在文中告诉我们要学会忍受我们不能改变的事物，要学会避免自怜，要学会不管我们怎么表现，总有人不喜欢我们等等方法，可知第5段的主要意思是告诉我们要用合适的方法去对待生活。故答案为D。
55. A 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，作者通过一个例子引出他的主题：一个人如何过一个有意义的成 年人生活。作者为我们提供了一些指导，要有动力，要有好奇心，要用适当的方式去生活等，故答案为A。
2.(B)【上海市黄浦区高三上学期期末调研】
Hot Air Balloons
A hot air balloon is made up of 3 main parts: The Envelope The actual fabric balloon which holds the air. The Burner The unit which pushes the heat up into the envelope The Basket Where the passengers and pilot stand
The basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air. This is because hot air is lighter than cool air as it has less mass per unit of volume. Mass can be defined by the measure of how much matter something contains. The actual balloon has to be large as it takes a large amount of heated air to lift it off the ground.