发布时间 : 星期二 文章2020年高考英语二轮复习专题05 阅读理解Ⅲ：推理判断题(讲练)(含解析)更新完毕开始阅读
44. D 推理判断题。从文章第四段中的“The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.”可知，“有更多浮游植物的海洋看起来更绿。”故选D。
45. C 主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的内容来看，主要解释气候变化会导致海洋颜色的改变，而这种改变主
要是因为浮游植物数量的变化，因此本文的主要目的是“解释气候变化对海洋的影响”。故选C。
（2018·北京卷·C） Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the
greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down
plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂
43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A. They take plastics as their everyday food. B. They are newly evolved creatures. C. They can consume plastics. D. They wind up in landfills.
44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
A. identify other means of the breakdown B. find out the source of the enzyme C. confirm the research findings D. increase the breakdown speed
45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A. help to raise worms B. help make plastic bags C. be used to clean the oceans D. be produced in factories in future 46. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain a study method on worms. B. To introduce the diet of a special worm. C. To present a way to break down plastics. D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇科普知识类文章。从环保理念出发，文章围绕一种可以降解塑料的虫子大蜡螟展开，描述了研究进展及虫子能降解塑料的原理，即使用其胃中的酶降解塑料，为塑料污染问题提供了新的思路。
44. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of
the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes (肠道微生物)？”可知，下一步是探究酶的来源。故选C。
45. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial
process-not simply\the plastic”可知研究者希望那些化学物品可以批量生产，而不是将许多虫子直接扔在垃圾堆里。故选D。
46. C 【解析】写作意图题。全文都在围绕可以降解垃圾的虫子展开，文章的目的就是向读者呈现这种独
特的降解塑料的方式。故选A。学科@网 规律方法6：如何解决目的意图题？ 常见的设问方式：
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? The purpose of the text is to get more people to _______. The writer of the story wants to tell us that________. The fact…is mentioned by the author to show________. The author writers the last paragraph in order to ________.
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作
者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者
的写作意图。 【变式精练】
D【2020·安徽省皖南八校第二次联考】
Stress in middle age can make your brain shrink and make your memory worse, scientists have discovered. The brain-reducing effects of stress, identified in people in their 40s free from dementia - a serious mental disorder caused by brain disease or injury, were found to be caused by cortisol(皮质醇). The high levels of the stress hormone may be an early warning “sign that someone may end up with dementia, the research suggests.
Stress also made people's thinking skills worse, which the Harvard Medical School study, published in the journal Neurology found. For the research, scientists led by Dr. Justin B．Echouffo-Tcheugui studied 2,231 people with an average of 49 and free of dementia. He said.\
middle-aged people before symptoms started to show. So it's important for people to find ways to reduce stress, such as getting enough sleep, taking part in moderate exercise, making relaxation techniques part of their daily lives or asking their doctor about their cortisol levels and taking a cortisol-reducing medication if needed. \\
Researchers found lower scores on tests of memory and thinking in people with higher levels of cortisol than those with average levels. In addition, people with higher cortisol levels had a smaller brain volume, with those with high cortisol levels having brains that were 88.5 per cent of the total cranial(颅骨的) volume. This was compared to 88. 7 percent of the total cranial volume for people with normal levels of the hormone. No links were found between low levels of cortisol and brain size.
Cortisol helps the body respond to stress and when we are stressed, cortisol levels increase because that is our fight - or - flight(战或逃) response. It can also help reduce inflammation(发炎) and control blood sugar and blood pressure. High cortisol levels can be caused by stress, medical conditions or medications.
“Cortisol affects many different functions so it is important to fully investigate how high levels of the hormone may affect the brain,\Tcheugui said, “While other studies have examined cortisol and memory, we believe our large, community-based study is the first to explore, in middle-aged people, cortisol levels and brain volume, as well as memory and thinking skills. ”391
12．What may Dr. Echouffo-Tcheugui suggest people do about stress-reducing? A．Early to bed and early to rise. C．Eat food with more protein.
B．Strengthen the social network. D．Ride a bicycle around a lake.
13．Which statement about cortisol may the author agree to? A．Higher cortisol levels are associated with larger brain volume. B．The more stressed one feels, the higher his cortisol levels are. C．Age and gender play a big role in the participants' brain volume. D．People with high cortisol levels will suffer from low blood pressure.
14．What's the possible direction for future research according to Dr. Echouffo-Tcheugui? A．How high cortisol levels affect human brains. B．The link between cortisol levels and memory C．The link between cortisol levels and brain size. D．How cortisol affects peoples response.