发布时间 : 星期六 文章高中英语人教版必修三Unit4《Astronomythescienceofthestars》教案更新完毕开始阅读
5. Reading and translating
As you have read the text times, you can surely put it into Chinese. Wang Hongqin, will you be the first to have a try, of putting the first paragraph into Chinese.
IV. Closing down
Closing down by doing exercises
To end the lesson you are to do the comprehending exercises 2 and 3 on pages 26 and 27. Closing down by having a discussion—How Did the Universe Begin? There are only three possible answers to this question.
1．It was created by something larger than itself since the first law of thermodynamics(热力学) says that energy cannot be created, only changed.
The universe had to be created by something outside itself, because of the same law. We also know that man could not have created it. 2．It was begun by chance (or accident); or 3．The answer is not sure.
Shown this way, the question is:
Additional Materials Complete the summary of the story with one word in each blank. HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH After the “Big Bang” came a 1 of energetic dust, the earth. Dust combined into a ball, moving 2 the sun. The earth became violent. Then it 3 loudly. In time, the water vapor was produced, making the earth’s atmosphere 4 down. Water then appeared on the 5 . The earth was to be different from other planets going round the 6 . Water disappeared from other planets. But it stayed on 7 . Small plants began developing 8 the water. Years later green plants came into 9 . The air then was 10 with oxygen. Millions of years later, small 11 animals were found to be living on the 12 , in the sea. They spread all over the earth, moving 13 the earth, putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which 14 heat from escaping from earth into space. In the end the earth may become too hot to live 15 . （Keys: 1. cloud 2. around 3. exploded 4. cool 5. surface 6. sun 7. earth 8. in 9. being 10. filled 11. clever 12. land 13. around 14. prevents 15. upon） Comprehension questions 1. What forms the earth’s atmosphere? A. Carbon dioxide, oxygen. B. Carbon dioxide, oxygen, poisonous gas. C. Water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen. D. Water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases. 2. Can you tell what is the “special qualities” of the earth according to the passage? A. The earth goes around the sun. B. The earth was solid shape which was last. C. There are animals and human beings live on it. D. Water remains on the surface of the earth. 3. What kind of factor improve the progress of life? A. Water forms on the earth’s surface. B. Green plants began to appear on land. C. The air is full of carbon dioxide. D. Animals began to appear such as insects, amphibians, est. 4. What is the main idea of this passage? A. It tells us how does life begin to appear on the earth. B. It tells us why does green plants grow before animals. C. It tells us water plays an important role in the development of life. D. D. It tells us carbon dioxide is the reason why living beings will die in the future, 5. The author infers us that if we want to the life continue on the earth, what should we do? A. We should produce more carbon dioxide to cause global warming. B. We should solve the problem of global warming as soon as possible. C. We should bear less people and think about a new way to grow more crops. D. We should be worthy of water. ZXXK] (Key: DDBAB) Notes to some difficult sentences 1. After the “Big Bang ” the earth was just a cloud of energetic dust.随着“轰隆”一声巨响，地球就成为一个云团，充满着具有能量的尘埃。 Big Bang(big-bang cosmology) 大爆炸宇宙学。 2. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. 它（地球）巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了水蒸汽、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。 in time: sooner or later; eventually 迟早；最后。 I’ll see him in time. 总有一天我会遇见他。 in time(for sth/ to do sth) : not late 及时；不迟。 She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 她来得及回来准备晚饭。 in/out of time: in/not in the correct time 合/不合节怕。 The audience clapped in time to the music. 观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。 （sth）be to (do): (something) will definitely happen, or it must happen 不可避免要发生或必须发生。 They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again. 他们彼此说了再见，几乎不知道再也不可能见面了。 She is to be honored for this great work. 她（一定）会因这部著作而获得荣誉。 Mr. Clark said to his daughter, “You are to be home by 10 o’clock at the latest.” 克拉克先生对他的女儿说：“你必须在10点之前到家。” 3. Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going round the sun. 谁也不知道地球会别于环绕太阳运转的其它行星。 （sb/sth）be different from: not like someone or something else in one or more ways 与……不同。 学科 City life is quite different from country life. 都市生活与乡村生活是非常不同的。
学&科&网Z&X&X&K] 注意：（1）强调different时用very, much, quite, entirely, totally等词。（2）有时，美语口语中用than，英语口语中用to来代替from。 going round the sun 为现在分词短语，作定语，表示一般的动作。例如： Men breaking the law will be punished. Men who break the law will be punished. 违法的人要受到处罚。 现在分词短语作定语，也可以表示进行的动作。例如： Can you see the girl dancing with your boyfriend? Can you see the girl who is dancing with her boyfriend? 你能看见与男友跳舞的那个姑娘吗？ 4. It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases, which had become part of the earth’s atmosphere, into the oceans and seas. 它使地球把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体溶解在海洋里。 学科 allow …to do 允许某人做某事。如： Her parents won’t allow her to stay out later than 11:00 in the evening. 她父母不允许她晚上在外逗留超过11点。 Please allow me to explain that I did not have any idea about his arrangement. 请允许我解释，我事先不知道他的安排。 但要注意：“准许做某事”应当是allow doing 不是allow to do。如： They shouldn’t allow parking in this street. It’s too narrow. 他们不应该允许在这条街上停车，街道太窄了。 Walking on the grass is not allowed. 不许踩踏草坪。 5. This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. 这为早期贝类及其他各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。 encourage 鼓励；促进；怂恿 Father encouraged him to study physics but he prefers maths.父亲鼓励他学物理，但他更喜欢数学。 He encouraged me to learn dancing. 他鼓励我去学跳舞。 名词后缀-ment加在动词之后表示： 1)行为，例如：argument, betterment, development, treatment. 2)结果，例如：arrangement, statement, settlement. 3) 工具，例如：instrument, pavement. 6. They produced young generally by laying eggs. 它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。 by doing 用于说明做某事的手段，方式。如： I don’t think she can help him by just giving him money. 我认为她光靠给钱是帮不了他的。 He used to make his living by painting. 他以前是靠画画为生。 7.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。 prevent …from doing 阻止某人做某事。如： His heart trouble did not prevent him (from) going to class the next day. 他的心脏病痛没能阻止他第二天去上课。 Nothing can prevent their plans (from) being carried out. 什么也不能阻止他们的计划得以实施。 8. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。 (sth) depend on (sth else): something might only happen or be true if the circumstances are right for it 取决于；决定于。如： “Will you go fishing this afternoon?” “Well, it all depends on the weather.” “你今天下午去钓鱼吗？” “得看天气。” for millions of years to come 中不定式to come作定语，与前面的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，例如： She is the last person to do such a thing. 她是最不像做这种事的人。 【高考链接】 主语从句 一、由what（whatever，whoever）等代词引导的主语从句。 What they are after is money. 他们追求的是金钱。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的话都应当保密。 二、由连词that引导的主语从句。其中that一般不可省略，但若用it作形式主语， that从句后置时，则可省略。为避免头重脚轻，我们倾向用it开头，后接be，seem等。如果句子是疑问形式，就只能用带it的结构。 That money doesn't grow on trees should be obvious. 金钱不能从树上长出来是显而易见的。 It is obvious（that）money doesn't grow on trees .显而易见，金钱是不能从树上长出来的。 Has it been announced when the planes are to take off？飞机什么时候起飞宣布了没有？ 注意： 1）选用what还是用that引导主语从句要根据关联词在从句中是否担任成分而定。且what（以及whatever，whoever等）引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。 What he said is true.他说的是真的。（what在其引导的主语从句中作宾语。） That China is a great socialist country is well known.（=It’s well known that…）众所周知，中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。（that在其引导的主语从句中不作任何成分，也无词义，只起连接作用。） 2）it引导的强调句与it作形式主语的复合句不可混淆。it引导的强调句是用来对句中某一成分加以强调，其结构为：“It is（或was）+强调部分+that（或who）…”强调句去掉It is（或was）…that（或who）…框架后，剩余部分为一个完整的句子。 It was I that(who) met Mary in the street yesterday.是我昨天在街上遇见了玛丽。(强调主语) 3）常见的用it作形式主语的复合句结构： *It is+形容词（necessary，strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，等）+that从句，从句中常用虚拟语气。 It’s necessary that he write something in English.他用英语写点东西是必要的。 It’s strange that she did not go to school yesterday.奇怪的是她昨天没去上学。 *It is+名词（a fact，a pity ，no wonder，good news，等）+that从句 It's a pity that she should have said so.真遗憾她竟然会这么说。 *It is+过去分词（said，reported，decided，unknown等）+that从句 Its said that our English teacher will go abroad next week.据说我们英语老师下周要去出国。 *It +不及物动词（seems，appears，happens， matters等）+that从句 It seems that she is in great need of help.看来她急帮忙。 4）主语为从句时，一般要用单数谓语动词形式；但如果引导的从句作主语、代表复数概念