科技英语写作-关于动名词和分词 联系客服

发布时间 : 星期一 文章科技英语写作-关于动名词和分词更新完毕开始阅读

现在分词和动名的用法和判别

一、-ing的基本用法

Ⅰ.“be+-ing+?”构成现在、过去、将来进行时主动态: 1. The liquid is flowing down the tower under the force of gravity. (现在进行时主动态)液体在重力作用下正沿着塔往下流。

2. When he came here, we were studying English. (过去进行时主动态)当他来这里时,我们正在学习英语。

3. In a few years the station will be feeding(或supplying) power to many industrial plants. (将来进行时主动态)再过几年,那座发电站将向许多工厂供电。

Ⅱ.“have,had或shall(will)have+been+-ing+?”构成现在、过去、将来这三种完成进行时主动态():

1. We have been studying the problem for a long time. (现在完成时主动态)很久以前我们一直在研究这个问题。

2.Chemistis had been studying the atmosphere for about two thousand years before its composition was discovered. (过去完成时主动态)化学家们一直在研究大气,研究了约两千年,它的组成才被发现。

3. By the end of this year they will have been studying English for a year. (将来完成时主动态)到今年年底,他们学习英语有一年了。(主语第一人称,则可用shall代替will。)

Ⅲ.“being+过去分词”构成被动态。这里有三种情况: A. “is(was)+being(现在分词)+过去分词”构成现在、过去这两种进行时被动态:

1. The lathe is being adjusted by a worker. (现在进行时被动态)这台车床正由一个工人在进行调整。

2. When I came here, the lathe was being adjusted by a worker. (过去进行时被动态)当我来这里时,那台车床正由一个工人在进行调整。

B. Being前面没有is或was之类动词,仅仅是动词名“being+过去分词”构成被动意义:

1. The object is at rest and resists being moved quickly. (直接宾语)物体静止,就阻止物体本身迅速移动。

2. Television waves pass right through the layer without being reflected. (介词宾语)电视被径直通过这一层(电离层)而不被反射。(上两句中being?为被动态动名词短语。)

C. “being(现在分词)+过去分词”作定语在独立分词结构中及介词后“主谓”结构(即复合结构)中的用法:

1. We must pay attention to the problems being discussed here.(定语)我们必须重视这里正在(被)讨论的问题。

2. The electric current produced is the result of chemical energy being changed to electrical energy. (复合结构作介词宾语)所产生的电流是化学能转变为电能的结果。

3. The teacher being here, there is no danger. (独立分词结构)老师在这里,便无危险。

Ⅳ.“-ing+原动词具有的搭配关系”在句中作主语、宾语、表语、状语、介词宾语(除作状语用的-ing为现在分词外,其余均为动名词):

A. 作主语用:

1. Melting and boiling take place under certain conditions. 熔融和沸腾发生在一定条件之下。

2. In the given case warming the solid converts it to a liquid. 在给定情况下,加热这种固体能使它变成液体。

3. There is no failing in the test. 不可能在试验中失败。 注:“There is +no+-ing”表示“不可能”之意。

4. It is no use buying books but not reading them. (真正主语)买了书却不读,没有什么用处。

注:动名词短语作真正主语很少见,不如不定式为多。它主要用在以no use,no good, worth-while, waste,dangerous等词作表语的句子中。

B. 作宾语、介词宾语或个别形容词的宾语用:

1. I like reading English every morning. (动词宾语)我喜欢每天早晨读英语。

2. Their installation method is worth trying. (形容词宾语)他们的安装方法值得试一试。

3. The process of dissolving table salt in water is a physical change. (介词宾语)食盐溶解于水的过程是物理变化。 4. We think it no use increasing resistance in the experiment. (真正宾语)我们认为在这个实验中增加电阻无用。(动名词短语作真正宾语很少见,只有当其宾语补语为上面注中那些词时才行。)

5. These children need looking after. (动词宾语)这些小孩得需要照顾。(句中after为介词,其宾语正好是句中主语,但不可以写出。)