发布时间 : 星期三 文章年产八万吨合成氨原料气净化脱碳及再生工艺设计毕业设更新完毕开始阅读
设计说明
塔是脱碳过程中不可缺少的塔设备。
脱碳工段是合成氨工程中必不可少的工段之一，二氧化碳吸收塔和溶液再生本文权衡众多合成氨脱碳方法之利弊，最终选择碳酸丙烯酯脱碳法。首先进行工艺流程分析并根据工艺参数及有关标准进行二氧化碳吸收塔和解析塔内的物、热量衡算；其次就二氧化碳吸收塔、溶液再生塔等设备利用物理吸收机理、传质传热方程、溶液物性数据等方面的知识进行塔体的总体结构设计和计算，设计出二氧化碳吸收塔的塔径为3.4m，塔高为30m，由于解吸塔塔径过粗，使用两塔进行解吸，两塔各操作条件相同，塔径为2.4m，填料层高度为16m，然后对二氧化碳吸收和解吸塔进行了必要的强度校核；最后对脱碳工段车间结构布置进行合理的设计。
本设计作为理论上的准备工作，为分析工艺流程、设备设计上存在的问题、确定问题的根源、提出解决问题的合理方案准备了充分的理论依据。
关键词：碳酸丙烯酯法；脱碳工艺；工程设计
Design elucidation
Decarbonizing section is one of the absolutely necessary sections in the Synthetic Ammonia, and the Carbon dioxide absorption tower and the solution regeneration tower are indispensable tower equipment in the Synthetic Ammonia.
This paper tradeoff advantages and disadvantages of much approach to decarbonization, propylene carbonate (PC) decarboniza-tion are selected finally. The technological process was analyzed, and the material and heat was balanced according to parameters and relevant standards firstly. The tower body general structure was designed calculation by using physical absorption Mechanism, mass transfer and heat transfer equation, solution -physical data stc secondly.The diameter of absorption tower is 3.4m, the height of tower is 30m, And then the strength of the Carbon dioxide absorption tower is ecked. The decarbonizing section structural arrangement was reasonable design finally. As the theoretical preparation work, this designing prepare sufficient theoretical basis for people to analysis the problems of technological process, equipment design, determined root of problems, posing reasonable plan to solve problems. Keywords: Decarbonization process; Carbon dioxide removal with PC method; Proeess design
目 录
设计说明..................................................................... I Design elucidation .......................................................... II 主要符号说明 ................................................................. i 1引 言 ..................................................................... 1 2概 述 ...................................................................... 2
2.1 氨的发现与制取 ...................................................... 2 2.2 氨的用途 ............................................................ 2 2.3 我国合成氨工业的发展情况 ......................................... 3 2.4 合成氨生产的典型流程 ................................................ 3 2.5 脱碳在合成氨中的作用和地位 .......................................... 4 3工艺流程的确定 ............................................................. 6
3.1脱碳方法概述 ......................................................... 6 3.2净化工序中脱碳方法 ................................................... 6
3.2.1化学吸收法 ..................................................... 6 3.2.2物理吸收法 ..................................................... 8 3.2.3物理化学吸收法 ................................................ 10 3.2.4固体吸附 ...................................................... 10 3.3碳酸丙烯酯（PC）法脱碳工艺基本原理 .................................. 10
3.3.1PC法脱碳技术国内外现状 ........................................ 10 3.3.2发展过程 ...................................................... 10 3.3.3技术经济 ...................................................... 11 3.3.4碳酸丙烯酯法脱碳工艺条件的确定 ................................ 11 3.3.4操作压力的确定 ................................................ 12 3.3.5工艺流程 ...................................................... 12
4 吸收塔的工艺设计 .......................................................... 14
4.1设计依据 ............................................................ 14
4.1.1碳酸丙烯酯（PC）的物理性质 .................................... 14 4.1.2比热计算式 .................................................... 14 4.1.3 CO2在碳酸丙烯酯（PC）中的溶解度 ............................... 14 4.1.4 CO2在碳酸丙烯酯（PC）中的溶解热 ............................... 14 4.1.5运行时间 ...................................................... 14 4.2计算依据 ............................................................ 15
4.2.1 CO2在PC中亨利系数数据 ........................................ 15 4.2.2 PC密度与温度的关系 ........................................... 16 4.2.3 PC蒸汽压的影响 ............................................... 17 4.2.4 PC的粘度 ..................................................... 17 4.2.5工艺流程确定 .................................................. 17 4.3物料衡算 ............................................................ 18
4.3.1各组分在PC中的溶解量 ......................................... 18 4.3.2溶剂夹带量 .................................................... 19 4.3.3溶液带出的气量 ................................................ 19 4.3.4出脱碳塔净化气量 .............................................. 19 4.3.5计算PC循环量 ................................................. 20
4.3.6出塔气体的组成 ................................................ 20 4.4计算数据总表 ........................................................ 20
4.4.1混合气体的定压比热容 .......................................... 21 4.4.2液体的比热容 .................................................. 22 4.4.3.CO2的溶解热 ................................................... 22 4.4.4出塔溶液的温度 ................................................ 23 4.5 设备计算 ............................................................ 23
4.5.1 物性数据 ..................................................... 24 4.5.2 脱碳塔泛点速度计算 ........................................... 26 4.5.3 脱碳塔塔径计算 ............................................... 27 4.5.4 填料层高度计算 ............................................... 28 4.6 辅助设备设计 ........................................................ 32
4.6.1液体分布装置 .................................................. 32 4.6.2 填料支承装置 .................................................. 32 4.6.3液体再分布装置 ................................................ 33 4.6.4气体分布器 .................................................... 33 4.6.5床层限制板 .................................................... 34 4.6.6 裙座及人孔 .................................................... 34 4.7塔体强度校核 ........................................................ 34
4.7.1筒体强度校核 .................................................. 34 4.7.2 封头设计 ..................................................... 35 4.7.3 塔裙座高度 ................................................... 36 4.7.4 塔体载荷计算 ................................................. 36 4.7.5 接管管径计算 .................................................. 38
5 解吸塔的工艺设计 .......................................................... 40
5.1 确定解吸塔塔径及相关参数 ............................................ 40
闪蒸过程的物料恒算 .................................................. 40 5.1.1求取解析塔操作气速 ............................................ 40 5.1.2求取塔径 ...................................................... 41 5.1.3核算操作气速 .................................................. 42 5.1.4核算径比 ...................................................... 42 5.1.5校核喷淋密度 .................................................. 42 5.2 填料层高度的计算 .................................................... 42
5.2.1建立相应的操作线方程和向平衡方程 .............................. 42 5.2.2利用两线方程求取传质推动力 .................................... 43 5.2.3传质单元数的计算 .............................................. 44 5.2.4气相总传质单元高度 ............................................ 44 5.2.5塔附属高度 .................................................... 48 5.2.6填料层压降计算 ................................................ 49 5.2.7初始分布器和再分布器设计 ...................................... 50 5.2.8气体分布器 .................................................... 51 5.2.9丝网除沫器 .................................................... 51
6 车间布置.................................................................. 52
6.1 车间布置要考虑的问题 ............................................... 52