发布时间 : 星期三 文章初中英语语法讲解以及练习题（整理后，可打印）更新完毕开始阅读
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动词时态
不同时间里以不同方式发生的动作或状态要用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的形式叫时态 从时间上分可以分为现在时，过去时，将来时，过去将来时 行为方式上每一类可以分一般式，进行式，完成式，完成进行式 总共十六种
常用八种：一般现在式，一般将来时，一般过去式，现在进行时，现在完成时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时 一般现在时： 构成形式：
be动词： He is a teacher. He isn‘t a teacher. Is he a teacher? Yes, he is. / No, he isn‘t.
实义动词：they go to bed early. They don‘t go to bed early. Do they go to bed early? Yes, they do.
/ No they don‘t.
Linda works hard. Linda doesn‘t work hard. Does Linda work very hard? Yes, she
does. / No she doesn‘t.
第三人称单数：一般情况下加‖s‖
以字母o, s, x, sh, ch, o 结尾加es
以辅音字母加y结尾, 把y变i加es 用法
表经常，习惯性动作或状态
We live in Tianjin.
表主语具备的性格，特征，能力等
Liu Yun speaks English very well. 表客观事实或普遍真理
The earth goes around the sun.
时间状语或条件状语从句中 可以用来表将来的动作
When he comes here tomorrow, he will know everything. I will go shopping if I have time tomorrow. 一般过去时构成和用法 be 动词：was/were
实义动词（规则和不规则）
They were in the school yesterday. They weren‘t in the school yesterday. Were they in the school yesterday?
Mrs. Wang went to the United States in 1991. Mrs. Wang didn‘t go to the United States in 1991. Did Mrs. Wang go to the United States in 1991? 用法
表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或状态，和yesterday, last year, three years ago 等时间状语连用
Where were they yesterday?
Did she go to the meeting last month? 注意be动词和实义动词
表过去常常或反复发生的动作，和often, always 等连用
While I was in England, I often called him.
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可以用used to do, would do表过去常常或反复干某事
My girl used to get up early.
The little girl would sit at the window reading books for hours. 一般将来时
构成：will/shall + 动词原形 第一人称单数或复数 ＋ shall 其他 ＋ will
They will leave for Beijing tomorrow. They will not leave for Beijing tomorrow. Will they leave for Beijing tomorrow.
用法：表将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态，与tomorrow, next year, next month等表将来的时间状语连用
Mrs. Wang‘s daughter will be fourteen next April. We will see each other again next year. 其他表示方法
be going to: 即将发生的事／打算做的事／可能发生的事 My friend is going to spend his holiday abroad. There is going to be a film this evening.
表示位置移动的动词，例如come, leave, go, start, arrive, meet, return往往用进行时表示将来
She is coming to see us tomorrow.
My husband is flying to Europe this May.
Be 动词后加不定式，表示安排，命令或预定要做的事
The president is to visit China next week. Be about to do 表示正要做．．．
We are about to leave when it begins to rain. 现在进行时
构成：be + 现在分词 现在分词构成形式
The baby is sleeping. The baby is not sleeping. Is the baby sleeping? 用法
表示现在正在或发生的动作
Hurry up; they are all waiting for us. 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作
The students are planting trees this week. 表示将来的动作（某些动词）
Mr Liang is leaving this May.
always可以用于进行时表示总是干某事(有感情色彩)
The boy is always coming to school late. The boy is always working hard.
表示感觉，感情，存在，从属，思维等动词，这些动词一般不用在现在进行时当中
See, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, seem, appear, look, hate, love live want prefer, exist, wish, have, remember
We have a very good teacher. We are having a rest now.
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现在完成时
构成：have/has + 动词过去分词 动词过去分词变化
She has lived here for many years. She has not lived here for many years. Has she lived here for many years? 用法
表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响或结果
I have seen the film.
表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态 She has studied English for many years. 延续性动词或非延续性动词
He has come here for two days. He has been here for two days.
He has joined the party for many years. He has been a party member for many years. Has been to/has gone to
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
She has lived here since 1980. 对现在有影响 She lived here in 1980. 对现在没有影响 She has been ill for 3 days. She was ill for 3 days. 过去进行时
与现在进行时相似
Was/were ＋ 现在分词
They were having a meeting this time yesterday. Were they having a meeting this time yesterday? 用法：
表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，上下文暗示或时间状语
The students were playing football from 3 to 4 yesterday afternoon. They were doing their homework when I entered the classroom. The telephone rang when I was cooking in the kitchen. 某些瞬间动词表示过去将要发生的动作
The man didn‘t say when he was leaving. 句型
They were doing their homework when the light went off. 过去完成时
构成 had + 动词过去分词
The train had left when he got to the station. The train had not left when he got to the station. 用法
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或发生的动作，表示过去的过去
We had learned the fourteen lessons by the end of last term. The film had already begun before we reached the cinema.
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过去将来时
构成 would/should + 动词原形
She said she would go and see her friend. She said she would not go and see her friend. 用法
表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或状态 常用于宾语从句
The monitor told me that the meeting would begin at eight. Was/were going to
My husband said there was going to be a concert this evening. He said he was coming soon.
被动语态
英语当中动词有两种语态 主动 主语是动词的执行者 被动 主语是动词的承受者 They water their flowers every day. Their flowers are watered every day. 被动语态的构成形式
be 动词＋及物动词的过去分词
通过be动词体现被动语态的时态．举个例子 The windows are cleaned every day. 否定形式在be 动词后加not 疑问句将be 动词提前
将主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语 动词变成被动形式
主动语态的主语变成介词by的宾语，by短语有时可以省略
Her parents wash the clothes. ―＞ The clothes are washed by her parents. 注意：当主语是代词时，注意变宾格． 被动语态常常出现的时态
一般现在时：The students clean the classroom every day. 一般过去时：The students cleaned the classroom yesterday. 一般将来进：The students will clean the classroom tomorrow. 现在完成时：The students have cleaned the classroom. 现在进行时：The students are cleaning the classroom now.
过去完成时：The students had cleaned the classroom. He told me my bike had been repaired. 过去将来时：The teacher said that a new school would be built next year.
过去进行时：The students were cleaning the classroom. The exam papers were being graded this
time yesterday.
主要用法：
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，常用被动语态
In the past few years, a lot of modern schools have been set up. Paper is made from wood.
当需要强调动作的承受者时，常常使用被动语态
The books mustn‘t be taken away from the library. A new bridge will be built over the river.