发布时间 : 星期一 文章2018 高中牛津英语 模块一 unit3 Looking good feeling good 单元语法专题：定语从句三更新完毕开始阅读
2018 高中牛津英语 模块一 Unit Looking good feeling good
单元语法专题：定语从句（三）& 反意疑问句
一 语法知识精讲：非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明的作用，缺少它也不会影响全句的理解。它与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句的关系那样密切。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如果把非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都要用逗号与主句隔开。
二、用法
1 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词如下表所示： 指代对象 主格 宾格 所有格 指代人 who whom of whom, whose 指代物 which which of which, whose 温馨提示：
1）关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
2）引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有：when, where. 不可用why.
2 运用非限制性定语从句的情况 1）关系代词指代整个主句内容。
Our new house has a lovely garden, which makes us very happy. 我们的新房子有个漂亮的花园，这让我们非常高兴。
2）当先行词是专有名词时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查尔斯·史密斯去年退休了，他是我以前的老师。
3）当出现some, many, few, a few, little, much, most等时。
You’ve made many mistakes, most of which were due to your carelessness. 你犯了很多错误，其中大多数是由于你的粗心所致。
3 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 类别 限制性定语从句 语法意义及特征 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整、不明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词作宾语时也不能省略 例句 The accident happened at the time when I left. 那场意外事故发生在我离开的时候。 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.他深爱着的母亲十年前去世了。 非限制性定语从句 4 非限制性定语从句中值得注意的几个问题
1）在which引导的非限制性定语从句中，其先行词可以是一个名词或代词，也可以是句子的一部分，甚至整个句子。
My new car, which I paid several thousand dollars for, isn’t running well.
我的新车是花了几千美元买的，不好开。分析：先行词是car.
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。分析：先行词是he had never seen her before.
2) 在从句中作宾语的关系代词which, who, whom 一般不能省略。
Jane was his old friend, from whom he borrowed a necklace. 简是他的老朋友，他从简那儿借了一天项链。
He built a telescope, through which he could study the skies. 他做了一架望远镜，通过望远镜他能研究天空。
5 as与which的区别 定语从句 限制性定语从句 语法意义及特征 名词前有such或the same修饰时，关系代词用as （the same 后也可用that），不能用which As和which都可以指代整个主句的内容。As如果有“正如”的含义，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后；而which引导的从句只能放在主句后，并无“正如”的意思 例句 Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. 不用读这些你看不懂的书。 They won the game, as we had expected.正如我们所期待的那样，他们赢得了比赛。 非限制性定语从句 例如： He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like. 他不得不在周日上班，这点他不喜欢。 As we expected, he gave a wonderful performance. 正如我们期待的那样，他表演得很精彩。 Mike is late, as is often the case. 迈克迟到了，这样的情况经常发生。 I never heard such stories as he told. 我从未听过像他所讲的那样的故事。 She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感觉正和她的一样。
6 定语从句和表语从句、时间状语从句、地点状语从句、强调句的区分 1）定语从句一定有先行词；
2）定语从句的关系代词和关系副词在从句中一定充当成分。 A 定语从句和表语从句
This is where your father worked when he was young. 这是你父亲年轻时工作的地方。 This is the shop where my brother once worked. 这是我哥哥曾经工作的那个商店。
分析：例1句中没有先行词，where引导的是表语从句。Where 相当于“the place where”,解释为“...的地方”。例2 中where引导的是定语从句，先行词是the shop. B 定语从句和状语从句
Let’s do it when we are free. 我们有空的时候就做它吧。
Let’s do it next month when we are free. 下个月我就行动，那时我们有空。 分析：这里when引导的是定语从句，先行词是next month.
Put it in the drawer where I keep documentaries. 把它放在我保存文件的那个抽屉里。 Put it where it was. 把它放在原来的地方。 例1 中where引导的是定语从句，先行词是the drawer. 例2 中where引导的是地点状语从句，无先行词。
C 定语从句和强调句
--Where did you interview the composer?
--It was in the hotel______he stayed. A where B that
这句话是个省略句，第一个空白处是定语从句,所以选where，句尾应该接上：that I interviewed the composer. 所以答句应该是：It was in the hotel where he stayed that I interviewed the composer.
三、跟踪训练：
1 根据汉语提示完成下列句子
1 He ______________(被认为是，被视为) an excellent teacher.
2 Generally speaking, if taken by instructions, the medicine has no ______________(副作用) . 3 This kind of medicine can prevent your hair ______________(脱落) again. 4 They had a real ______________(成就感) when the work was finished.
5 The university students saved the children’s lives ______________(冒着生命危险) .
Keys: is considered as/to be; side effect; (from) falling out; sense of achievement; risking losing their own lives
2 选择适当的关系代词或关系副词把下列句子补充完整
1 We should read such books______will make us better and wiser.
2 He failed in the exam, ________proved that he wasn’t working hard enough. 3 Is it that factory__________this car is produced?
4 _______is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
5 In the office I never seem to have time until 5:00 p.m., ________many people have gone home.
6 He called another girl, ______he believed was more suitable for the job.
7 The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through_______he could see what was going on inside the house.
8 I intended to compare notes with a friend, ________unfortunately couldn’t spare me even one minute.
9 Last week, only two people came to look at the same house______Mr. Black was trying to sell.
Keys: 1-5 as; which; where;As; when; 6-9 who; which; who; as
3 单项选择
1 The book on the desk, ______covers are shiny, are prizes for us. A which B what C whose D that
2 The number of smokers, _____is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A it B which C what D as
3 China Today attracts a world-wide readership, _____shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
A who B whom C that D which
4 Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ______you can hear some lovely music. A which B that C when D where
5 Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, ______is quite unexpected. A that B which C who D it
6 I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _____my classmates recommended to me.
A who B which C when D where
7 I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ______I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
A when B where C which D why
8 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ______made one of the Chinese people’s long- held dreams come true.
A it B that C what D which
9 The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ______he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
A where B which C what D when
10 There is no simple answer, ______is often the case in science. A as B that C when D where
11 The children, _______had played the whole day long, were worn out. A all of what B all of which C all of them D all of whom
12 John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _______are family members. A them B that C which D whom
13 He may win the competition, _____he is likely to get into the national team. A in which case B in that case C in what case D in whose case
14 We have launched another man-made satellite, ______is announced in today’s newspaper. A that B which C who D what 15 “You can’t judge a book by its cover,?”_________.
A as the saying goes old B goes as the old saying C as the old saying goes D goes as old the saying
16 ______is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A It B That C What D As
17 Maria has written two novels, both of ______have been made into television series. A them B that C which D what
18 After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _____urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
A which B who C where D what
19 Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ______for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
A which B who C where D whom
20 By 16:30, ______was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A which B when C what D that
21 In our class there are 46 students, _____half wear glasses. A in whom B in them C of whom D of them
22 It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ______Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
A when B that C after D since
23 We live in an age _____more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A why B when C to whom D on which
24 She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years.