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一． 设计总结????????????????????????? 18
二． 致谢??????????????????????????? 20
三. 参考文献????????????????????????? 21
外文资料翻译 ????????????????????????? 22
五层旅馆设计(和结构设计)(包含任务书,开题报告,外文翻译,文献综述,17张图cad和计算书字)
摘 要
设计部分题目为绍兴市区某旅馆，包括建筑设计和结构设计两大部分。
该建筑为五层框架结构，建筑总高度为19.8米，总建筑面积约为平方米。
结构设计方面计算了一榀框架的重力荷载、计算了风荷载和横向水平地震作用及其内力、还计算了竖向恒载作用及其内力。内力计算完成后用PKPM进行了组合，根据最不利组合进行了梁和柱截面设计。除一榀框架外，还进行了板的设计、楼梯的设计以及基础的设计。
以上计算过程中，用PKPM进行了适当验算。
设计部分最终成图包括：
建筑施工图：底层平面图、屋面平面图、二层平面图、屋面平面图、正立面图和一个横剖面图。
结构施工图：结构平面布置图、板配筋图、一榀框架配筋图、基础平面及配筋图。
关键词：框架结构 教学楼 建筑设计 结构设计 PKPM
Abstract
The title of this graduation project is the hotel in the city of Shaoxing, including architectural design and constructional design.
The frame construction of the architect is four floors, the total height of the architect is 19.8 meter and the total area is about square meters.
I calculate the gravity load of one roof truss, the wind load and the horizontal effect of earthquake and its internal force, calculate the vertical constant loading effect and its internal force. After the end of the calculation of internal force, I combine them with PKPM, and design the section of girder and columniation according to the worst combination. Besides the designation of one roof truss, I draw the designation of board, stair and the basic designation. I have made a check on the calculation above.
The final drawing of the design including:
Architectural drawing: bottom plan, roofing plan, second floor plan, façade
drawing and body section drawing.
Constructional drawing: Constructional floor plan, broad arrangement drawing, the drawing of one roof truss, basic plan and arrangement drawing.
Key words: frame construction; teaching building; architectural design;
工程名称：HOME旅馆
工程环境：绍兴市区
建筑类别：丙类
安全等级：二级
防火等级：二级
设计使用年限：50年
2自然条件
1 建筑场地地段情况（见附图），场地地势平坦。
2主导风向：夏季为东南风，其他季节我西北风，基本风压W0＝0.45KN/m2
3雨雪条件：基本雪压：0.40KN/m2
4工程地质情况：
1）淤泥层：呈软塑~流塑状，局部分布。
2）粉质粘土：呈可塑~硬塑状态。分布于整个场地，主要成分粉粒及粘粒，含褐红色铁锰质氧化物网纹及灰白色高岭土团块。塑性指数Ip=12.21，液性指数IL=0.23，孔隙比e=0.521，容重r=22.50KN/m2，比重G=2.83。
3）卵石层：呈稍湿~中密状态。分布与整个场地，主要由卵石、砾石及中粗砂组成，少量泥质充填。卵石粒径20~70mm为主，约占50~55%，少量达100mm，砾石粒径5~15mm居多，约占25~30%，卵砾石均呈次园状，卵石空隙由粗砾砂充填。
4）各土层深度从地表起计算，平均深度为：1、淤泥层-1.20m；2、粉质粘土-2.90m；3、卵石层-2.90m以下。
5）地下水最高水位距地表0.30m。
6）各层土容许承载力f提供值：粉质粘性土fK=290kpa，卵石层fK=420kpa。
5抗震设防烈度：7度。
Ⅱ、框架结构设计计算
1荷载取值
柱网与层高：本工程采用柱距为8.0m的内廊式小柱网,底层层高4.5m，层高取3.6m
农户小额信贷的问题及对策
(字)
摘 要：：随着农村经济的深入发展，农民对资金的需求在大幅度增长，农民“贷款难”问题日益突出，成为制约农民增收的普遍性难题。而通过近几年的实践来看，农村信用社在稳住、保住、做大、做强小额农贷这块金字品牌，实现农民增收和农村信用社增效的“双赢”局面上，已取得了初步成效。但同时也应看到，由于受到内外诸多因素的影响和制约，农村信用社的推广小额农贷、创造信用乡镇工作开展很不平衡，一些深层次的矛盾和问题也逐渐暴露出来，必须引起高度重视。
关键词：农户小额信贷；信贷问题；对策；
Farmers microfinance problems countermeasures
Abstract:With the further development of rural economy, farmers are increasingly demanding capital, and the problem that farmers have difficulty in getting loans is becoming increasingly prominent, which is a limitation to universal increase in income. However, the practice of recent years shows that rural credit cooperatives have achieved initial results in increasing rural incomes and efficiency of rural credit cooperatives "win-win" situation by maintaining, keeping, expanding and strengthening small agricultural credit. Meanwhile, we should note that rural credit cooperatives unevenly promote small agricultural credit and create credible towns because of different factors both inside and outside, giving rising to the expose of some deep-seated contradictions and problems that we have to pay much attention to.
Key words: Microfinance; Credit problems; countermeasures;
摘 要:ZX31型摇臂钻床属于大型立式钻床，其传统的控制方式是利用继电器接触器原理控制。由于利用继电器接触器比较复杂，难于操作；因此本次设计是将其改造成为利用PLC控制，这样既可以提高生产效率，也可以增加其使用寿命。
首先通过对钻床工作原理的了解，然后对PLC的硬件和软件进行设计。根据钻床的工作要求选择合理的工作器件如：继电器，接触器等等，然后编写相应的程序语句表并绘制梯形图，再根据输入输出点数选择PLC型号，输入点数：22输出点数：17，所以本次设计选择FX2N-48MR型PLC
并绘制硬件接线图；最后对程序进行模拟调试。
关键词：PLC；电动机；行程开关；断路器；控制按钮；控制开关；工作指示灯。
ZX31 drilling machine control system's PLC transformation
Abstract: ZX31-arm drilling is a large vertical drilling, the traditional control method is the use of relay contacts Principle control. The use of the relay contactor control system more complicated and difficult operation, therefore this design is its use of a PLC control, this can enhance the efficiency of production and can also increase their service life.
By drilling the first principle of understanding, and then the PLC hardware and software design. According to drilling requirements for the work of the work of a reasonable choice of devices such as: relays, contacts, etc., and then the preparation of the corresponding procedures and the mapping of ladder diagram sentences table, the light input and output points choose PLC models, the importation of points: 22 output points: 17, Therefore, this design options FX2N-48MR PLC and the mapping of hardware wiring diagram; Finally, the simulation debugging procedures.
Key words: PLC; motor; trip switch circuit breaker; control button control switch; work light.
4.14电气接线图的绘制
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4.15 可编程控制器
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4.16三菱PLC指令系统
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（15）主轴允许最大扭转力矩
2450N•m
（16）主轴允许最大进给抗力