发布时间 : 星期一 文章英语 简明语法更新完毕开始阅读
41
(1) 与现在事实相反的句型结构： If 从句 的谓语动词 1. did (动词的过去式) 2. were （所有人称都用were） 例如：
? If Man had two wings, taxi drivers would certainly lose their jobs. 假如人长有两个翅膀，那
么出租车司机肯定要失业了。
? If Mary were here, we would know how to deal with the demanding customer. 如果Mary
在的话，我们就会知道怎样来应付这位要求颇高的顾客了。
? You would feel better now if you had taken the doctor’s advice. 如果你听从了医生的建
议，你先就会感到好受多了。
(2) 与过去事实相反的句型结构 If 从句 的谓语动词 1. Had + 动词的过去分词 例如：
?
主句的谓语动词 would/ should+ 动词原形(do) 主句的谓语动词 Would/should /could/might + have + 动词过去分词 If you had arrived ten minutes earlier, you would have seen the opening ceremony of ‘ The Lord of The Ring’. 如果你早到10分钟， 你就会看到“指环王”的首映式了。 We wouldn’t have missed the train, if we had started earlier. 如果我们早一点出发，就不会误了火车。
?
?
If Tom had been more careful, he might not have lost the game. 如果Tom再仔细点，他也许就不会输掉这场比赛了
?
(3) 虚拟语气的倒装结构 ： 如果if从句的谓语动词含有：were; had; should; could等词，可以省略if, 把从句的主语放置在were; had; should; could之后。 例如：
?
Were you in my position, you would do the same. 如果你是我，你也会这么做。(=If you
41
42
were in my position, you would do the same.)
?
Had I had time , I would have come to attend your birthday party yesterday. 昨天我有时间的话，我会来参加你的生日聚会的。(= If I had had time, I would have come to attend your birthday party yesterday.)
HadI known the truth earlier, I would have told you about it. 如果我早些知道事情的真相，我早就实情相告了。(=If I had known the truth earlier, I would have already told you about it.)
?
练习：
10.1 根据所给动词的适当形式填空
1. If the sea were to rise 500 feet, India ________ (become) an island. 2. I would pay you now if I _______ (have) enough money.
3. He ________ (not be) in bed for a week, if he had not been seriously ill.
4. If you ______ (be) to last night’s football match, you would have enjoyed seeing our team
win the game.
5. If they had started earlier, they ________(not be catch) in the heavy rain. 6. We ________ (not succeed), if the teacher had not helped us.
二、中译英：
1. 如果我是一个百万富翁，我肯定会帮助那些贫穷的人。(millionaire) 2. 假如现在太阳突然消失的话，那地球将会变得非常寒冷。(extremely) 3. 要是你听了妈妈的话，你也许就不会得重感冒了。(catch a cold) 4. 若他没有努力学习的话，他就无法赢得那次奖学金了。(scholarship) 5. 要是汤姆遵守交通规则的话，他就不会被汽车撞了。(knock down)
6. 如果你现在会说三种外语，你很容易就会找到一份收入不错的工作。(well-paid)
第十单元虚拟语气（2）
虚拟语气特殊结构
1. 有些表示请求、命令、建议的动词后面跟宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词需要使用虚 拟语气(should + do)来表示，其中should通常会被省略。这些动词有：advise; propose; order; insist; suggest; demand; command; require; request等。 例如：
?
My friends advised me that I（should）pay a visit to Beijing. 我的朋友建议我应该去北京看看。
We proposed the meeting (should) be over at once for it was too late. 我们建议会议应当立即结束，因为已经很晚了。
?
42
43
?
The black woman insisted that her child （should） be treated fairly. 这位黑人妇女坚持要求她的孩子能得到公正地对待。
The doctor suggested that my uncle (should) stop smoking immediately. 医生建议我的叔叔立刻戒烟。
The teacher required that every student （should） bring a dictionary the next day. 老师要求每位学生第二天要带好一本辞典。
?
?
2. 在wish后所跟的宾语从句中谓语动词须用虚拟语气，它通常表示未实现的或无论怎样也不会实现的愿望。结构如下：
wish之后宾语从句中谓语的虚拟语气结构 had + 过去分词(done) 过去式(did)；be动词用were表示 would / could / might + 动词原形(do) 例如：
?
意义 对过去的客观事实叙述 对现在的客观事实叙述 对将来的客观事实叙述 How he wishes that he had attendedhis best friend’s birthday yesterday. 他多么希望昨天参加了他最好朋友的生日聚会.
(对过去的客观事实的叙述。需要特别注意的是，宾语从句当中对不同时间的客观事实所表示的虚拟结构是不受主句谓语动词wish形式影响的。)
?
I wish Ihad been at the fashion show so that I can tell what is in fashion now. 我真希望出席了这次时装展示，那样我就能知道现在流行什么了。
(根据宾语从句的意思可以推测出，时装展示已经进行过了。)
?
I wish Susan were here now and I also wish she tried her best to help me. I wish Icould speak 5 languages. 我希望我会说五种语言就好了。
I wish Icould fly like a bird in and out of downtown when there is a traffic jam. 我希望在有交通堵塞的时候，我能像鸟一样飞进飞出市中心。(一般来说，I wish 之后往往会有I could do 的结构。)
我希望苏珊现在在就好了，我也希望她能够尽全力帮我。(对现在的事实的叙述)
? ?
1. 3. 在以下三种以It…开始的结构中，that引导的主语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，
即：should + 动词原形 （1） It is/was important (necessary; strange; natural; desirable; advisable) that… (用来表示惊奇、理应如此等感情色彩。)
43
44
（2）It is a pity that ... (用来表示惋惜的感情色彩。) （3）It is /was suggested (ordered; proposed; requested; required; decided) that ...（用来表示命令、建议和决定的语气。） 例如：
? ?
It is important that we should speak politely. 我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。 It is necessary that you should take an entrance examination to go to the university. 你在进入这所大学时必须参加入学考试。
It was natural that she should think so. 她这么想也是理所应当的。
It is strange that he should go away without telling us. 真奇怪，他竟然没给我们打个招呼就走了。
It is advisable that he should finish his homework by himself. 建议他应当自己独立完成回家作业。
It is desirable that she should attend the conference. 他去参加这个国际性会议是可取的。 It is a pity that the girl should give up the chance to go to the university. 真可惜，这女孩放弃了上大学读书的机会。
It is a pity that you should miss the beginning part of the movie Harry Potter II. 你没看到“哈利?波特”第二集的开场，真可惜。
It was ordered that all the passengers should remain in the hall to be checked. 所有的乘客被命令留在大厅里等候检查。
It has been proposed that we should change the topic. 建议我们理应改变主题。 It is decided that you should leave us, then? 那么，你离开我们已经是定局了啰？
? ?
?
? ?
?
?
? ?
4. 虚拟语气还用于以下句型中：
?
My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting till next week. 我的建议是我们把会议推迟到下星期举行。
His request is that his salary should be raised for his achievements. 他的请求是希望能加些工资，因为他的业绩不错。
The proposal that the government should do something to release the traffic jam has been put up at the meeting. 有关政府应当采取措施来缓解交通拥堵的建议已经在会议上提出了。
All of the family agrees to my suggestion that we should go on a holiday to Paris during the Spring Festival. 家里所有的人都同意我的建议在春节期间到巴黎度假。
We received the order that the work should be finished soon. 我们接到命令称这项工作必须尽快完成。
?
?
?
?
?
5. It is (was )+ (about/high) time that …句型中
44