发布时间 : 星期六 文章2000考研英语真题中英对照解析更新完毕开始阅读
in cities where
随着经济的发展，居住集中化也跟着来了，在日本1亿1900万人当中，足有76％住在城市， [?k'st?nd?d]adj.1.伸出的,伸展的2.延长的,持续的3.扩大的,扩展的 ['a?s?,let?d]adj.1.(人 ) 孤独的,孤立的2.隔离的;与世隔绝的
community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.
在那里社区和几世同堂的大家庭已经成为过去，而取而代之的是单门独户的两代之家。 ['ha?s,hold]n.同住在一所房子里的人, 一家人
Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living
城市里的日本人长期忍受着漫长的上下班来回路程和拥挤不堪的居住条件，
['wik?nvt. & vi.(使)削弱,(使)变弱 [d?s'k?mf?t]n.1.不舒适2.不愉快,苦恼
conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past
随着旧的群体家庭道德观的削弱，令人不舒服的结果开始显现出来。
[di'v?:sei]n.1.离婚3.分离,脱离vt. & vi.与（某人）离婚；判（某人）离婚vt.使分离,使脱离
decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than
在过去10年中，日本的离婚率，尽管仍远在美国之下，
['su?,sa?d]n.1.自杀2.自取灭亡3.自杀性行为,自毁,自取灭亡的行为4.自杀者
50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.
已经上升了50％，而自杀事件则上升了近1/4。
①Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.
▲whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe是Japan的定语从句。
△千万注意hardly是否定词，相当于not。
②The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.
▲本句的主语是The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market，谓语是have limited，宾语是the opportunities of teen-agers，而who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs是宾语的定语从句，该从句中involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs又是personal sacrifices的补语。
△age是“时代”，表示这一代已经成为社会的主力军；baby boom指在战后的“生育高峰，婴儿潮”；questioning的意思是“质问，质疑”；involved in指“与某事有关，由某事引起”。 ③Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the \
▲本句主语是Mitsuo Setoyama，谓语是raised eyebrows，who was then education minister是主语的定语，when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the \是全句的时间状语从句，其中that引导的从句是argued的宾语，该宾语从句中主语是liberal reforms，谓语是had weakened，宾语是the \，introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II是liberal reforms的补语。 △注意raised eyebrows是“瞋目”的意思，此处指“瞪起眼睛，情绪激愤”。 ④With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.
▲has come centralization是一个倒装结构，原形为centralization has come。Where引导的定语从句修饰cities。
△本句中须弄清一些词汇的含义，如：centralization集中化；community礼俗社会；extended family多代同堂式的家庭；in favor of由?取代；households家庭。
2000 Passage 5 [r?'w?rd]n.1.报酬,报答,奖赏2.赏金,酬金vt.酬谢,奖赏 [d?'st??k??n]n.1.区别,明显差别,特征2.卓越,优秀,盛名3.荣誉,殊荣,奖赏
If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition — wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny
个人的雄心如果能被正确看待的话，那么它的回报 ['d?st?ni]n.1.命运;天命;天数2.主宰事物的力量,命运之神
[dim]vt.认为,相信 [b?'h?f]n.方面,利益,赞同
— must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have
——财富、声誉、对命运的掌握——则应该被认为值得为之付出牺牲。如果雄心的传统具有生命力，
[va?'t?l?ti]n.1.精神;活力;力量;热情2.生命力,元气,持久力
vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves
那么它就应该受到广泛的推崇，尤其应该受到那些自身得到他人羡慕的人们的高度重视，
adv.最少,最小pron.最小,最少量 3.奇数的4.临时的5.余下的;零头的 n. 1.主张,断言2.要求3.索款,索赔
[list]adj.1.最小的,最少的2.一点点 [?d]adj.1.奇怪的;古怪的2.单的 [klem]vt.1.声称,断言2.需
要,值得vt.&vi.索取
admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to
当然那些接受过良好教育的人也应包括在内。然而，恰恰是那些受过良好教育的人却不可思议地声称他们已经放弃了雄心壮志这一理想。
have give up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if 奇怪的是他们已经从雄心壮志中获益颇多了
[hi'p?kr?si]n.伪善,虚伪
not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a
——如果不是他们自己的雄心，那么就是他们父母的和祖父母的。这其中有着浓厚的虚伪色彩， [bɑ:n]n.1.仓房2.牲口棚3.（公共汽车、卡车等的）车4.简陋的大建筑物
case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them.
恰如马跑后再关上马厩的门那样，而受过良好教育的人自己正骑在那些马背上。
['f?:m?li]adv.以前;从前
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than
formerly. Summer
当然，现在人们对成功及其标志的兴趣似乎并未比从前减弱，
homes, European travel, BMWs — The locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items
避暑别墅，欧洲旅行、宝马车——它们的位置、地名和商标可能会改变， [di'mɑ:nd]vt.1.强烈要求2.需要n.(顾客的)需求,需要
do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot
但现在对这些东西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前减少。现在的情况是人们不能
n.承认（自己感到羞愧或尴尬的事） 2.能够获得并保存的
[k?n'fes]vt.&vi.1.供认错误或罪行2.聆听忏悔 [lest]conj.1.唯恐,担心2.免得,以免 [?'kw?z?t?v]adj.1.渴望得到的,贪得无厌的
confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive
像以前那样轻易地、公开地坦陈自己的梦想，惟恐别人认为自己爱出风头、贪婪、庸俗不堪。 2.举止极其粗鲁的,粗野的,下流的
['v?lɡ?]adj.1.庸俗的,粗俗的,低级的 [,h?p?'kr?t?k?l]adj.伪善的,虚伪的,伪君子的 ['?mpl]adj.1.足够的,丰裕的2.大量的
and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample
相反我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观： ['spekt?kl]n.1.壮观的场面或景象2.可笑的事物;愚蠢的景象3.眼镜
[m?'t??ri:?,l?z?m]n.唯物主义;唯物论;实利主义;物质主义 ['r?dik?l]adj.1.根本的;彻底的2.激进的,激进派的,极端n.激进分子
supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books
美国物欲主义批评家在南安普顿拥有一幢避暑别墅；激进的出版商
[di'm?kr?si]n.1.民主,民主制2.民主国家3.民主精神,民主权利
who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases
到三星级宾馆就餐；倡导终生参与民主制的新闻记者 [pɑ:'tisipeit?ri]adj.供人分享的
[in'r?ul]vi.1.入会,参加;入学,注册;入伍,应征2.记入名册,被登记vt. & vi.卷起,包起vt.记录,记下
of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so
却把自己的子女送进私立学校。对于这样的人，还有那些也许不太出色的人而言，“ 2.例外的;独特的,异常的 adv.[方言]完完全全地；彻底地
[ik'sep??nl]adj.1.优越的,杰出的 ['pr?p?]adj.1.适合的;适当的2.专门的,独特的 [f?:mj?'le???n]n.1.公式化表述2.规划;构想