发布时间 : 星期二 文章英语专升本冲刺资料教师用书更新完毕开始阅读
5. 特殊主语的反义疑问句 6. 主句含有否定词的反义疑问句
7. 反义疑问句的特殊用法 there be；‘d ’s 的判定； I‘m ；
九．主谓一致（参照课本，非常详细）
1. 采用就近一致原则的词或词组 2. 采用就远一致原则的词或词组
3. 由and 连接的特殊主语作主语时，谓语动词的判定
3. 永远单数的名词与永远复数的名词作主语时，谓语动词的判定 4. 单复数同形的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词的判定 5. 定语从句中谓语动词的判定
6. 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的数词或者量词作主语时谓语动词的判定 7. 特殊成分作主语时，谓语动词的判定
The +形容词，表时间，金钱，距离的名词作主语时；all表示人作主语时， many a，more than one，a series of，a species of，a portion of，a body of, a sequence of, a great/good deal of加名词(不用冠词)等作主语时， quantities of接可数和不可数名词作主语时；none of，either of，neither of，each of接复数名词或代词作主语时；从句，动名词，动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词的判定。
第二部分：必备句型
1） it is +adj +to +do+sth.(形式主语)
2） sb +find\\feel\\think +it+adj+ to +do+sth(形式宾语) 3） make\\find\\feel+ sb\\sth + do\\done\\donging\\adi + sth 4） have\\get+ sb\\sth +do \\doing\\done+sth
5） 感官动词（watch\\ see\\look at\\listen to\\ hear\\notice\\observe）+sb\\sth+ do\\doing\\done+sth 6） Keep +sb\\sth+doing\\done\\adj +sth 7） Sb take sth with sb
8） Sb spend money\\time (in) doing sth\\ on sth
9） Sth cost sb money\\time 10) sth take sb money \\time to do sth
11) sb have (no) difficulty\\trouble in doing sth 12) sth have something\\ nothing \\much \\ little to do sth.
13) sb\\sth have something\\ nothing \\much \\ little in common with sb 14) the more +（N）+主+谓语，the more +（N）+主+谓 15）what + 主+谓（主语从句）
16）n\\adj\\ adv + as +主+谓(让步状语从句)
17) hardly?when?\\ no sooner ?than?\\ scarcely?when?\\ the moment\\the minute\\ as soon as \\ once(一?就?) 并且要注意前三个句型主句用过去完成时的倒装形式，而从句中用过去时。 18）it is (no) long (time) before ?..
19) it is\\was +序数词\\形容词的最高级 that ?.. (that 从句中用完成时或者过去完成时) 某人第几次做某事。 20）（with）+主语+done\\doing\\to do\\ adj\\adv\\介词短语，主句。独立主格结构的句型（分词、不定式、adj\\adv\\介词短语的逻辑主语为其前的主语）
21）done\\doing\\to do +其他，主句。（分词作状语的形式）（分析的主语为主句中的主语） 22）it is （was）+被强调部分+that （who）+ 被强调部分的其他句子成分 23） Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V
Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
24）~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.
（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。）
25）There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）
26）It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道...） 27）The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...） 28）So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此...以致于...） 29）By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ （借着...，..能够..）
30）It is time + S + 过去式 （该是...的时候了） 31）There is no one but ~~~ （没有人不...） 32）It pays to + V ~~~ （...是值得的。） 33）Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的） 34）bring home to + 人 + 事 （让...明白...事） 35）be closely related to ~~ （与...息息相关）
36）Get into the habit of + Ving= make it a rule to + V （养成...的习惯） 37）Leave much to be desired （令人不满意） 38）Pose a great threat to ~~ （对...造成一大威胁）
第二部分：作文专项指导与范文
一． Summary摘要写作(Writing a Summary)
1、阅读
1) 阅读:读的次数越多，对文章的内容就会越熟悉，也会越明白其中心大意
2) 在原文中找出与中心思想关系最密切的部分，并把它作为写摘要的材料；关系不大的其他部分可以不予考虑。 2、写作
1) 一篇摘要的长度不应超出原文的三分之一。在写摘要前要定出字数限制。定稿后的摘要可以少于限定的字数，
但不能超过。
2) 要用自己的语言来写摘要。一篇摘要应是一个文字上的再创造，而不应是原文词语的简单堆砌和重新编排。 3) 使摘要条理清楚的最好办法是按原文的顺序去写。如果不是特殊情况（如倒叙），不要随便更换原文内容的顺序。 4) 一篇摘要应做到内容完整并且没有大的遗漏。要使读摘要的人无需再查看原文，便可放心地认为他所获得的信息即原文的主要内容。
5) 写摘要也是一项压缩文字的练习。在写摘要时，需要学会做以下几项工作：◎删除细节。摘要只取要点，解释要点的细节一律删去。
eg. I want to visit New York which I dreamed of going in my childhood. I will visit New York.
◎削减例子。原文中如有五六个例子，可以只在摘要中留用一两个，其余的省去不提。 eg. I will go to buy fruit, such as apple, pear and banana. I will buy fruit like apple.
◎简化描述。原文中如有十个句子用于描述一个人或一件事，在摘要中保留一两句的意思就可以了。
◎使用最简短的过渡词语，例如，要用but, then, thus, yet和for等等，而不用at the same time，on the other hand等
等。
◎压缩繁冗的句子，并把短语改成字词。请看下面的例子：
eg. His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.
He was very brave in battle.
eg. The account the witness gave of the incident made everyone that heard it laugh.
The witness's story was absurd.
eg. John fell into the river and, before help could reach him, he sank.
John was drowned in the river.
eg. He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor. Credit card
He was in financial difficulties.
eg. The play was first written by an outstanding writer John. And it was revised by an English writer Mary in 1907. The play, firstly written by John, was revised by Mary in 1907. Tom, injured yesterday, is my classmate.
用短语取代长句和长句中的从句，也是压缩文字的好办法。请看下面的例子：
Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Yellow Mountain, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on those mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago. Income, salary 以上两个句子可以改写成：
Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, firstly visited by a few people, are visited/available to more people, because of good salary, new hotel and better transportation.
在摘要中，要多用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。请看下面的例子：
She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek, and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation. 以上一句可以改写为：
She brought home books, magazines to read during the winter vacation.
若原文中是直接引语，由于它本身不容易压缩，因此在摘要写作中可以用间接引语表达出来，非常简洁明了. Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly：―You use much too much salt on your food, Paul-it‘s not at all good for you!‖ Paul put down his knife and frowned：―Why on earth not！If you didn‘t have salt on your food it would taste awful…like eating cardboard or sand…just imagine bread without salt in it，or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt! \didn't want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly: \high blood pressure and later on, heart attacks. It also disguises the tastes of food, the real tastes, which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more. \以上内容可以改写成：
Kate suggested Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought much salt is bad for the health, and disguises the real taste of food. But Paul disagreed and thought without salt the food was terrible. 3. 修改：
写完一篇摘要后要仔细地对其进行修改。首先要对照原文，检查是否漏掉重要的内容；其次，看看摘要的长度是否超出字数限制，如若超出，则对其进一步加以压缩；最后，认真检查标点、拼写和语法，保证准确无误。 阅读和学习下面的例子：
原文：
Xiao Liu is a sanitation worker in a restaurant，a much honored one ．She has been awarded for her ―excellent work and satisfactory service‖ by the National Tourism Administration four times since she took the job six years ago·(Xiao Liu is an excellent cleaning worker in the restaurant.)
Her job seems simple．Every morning，she is required to clean two washrooms，two bathrooms，two locker rooms，the balcony and the corridor．But it is hard and demanding work，especially for a girl who suffers from heart disease．―I usually have to come at 8：30-half an hour before the working time begins，and start to bustle in and out without a break，‖says Liu． At 11 o‘clock-the opening time of the restaurant，everything is washed up ．So is she. Then she stands in front of the washrooms to greet every guest with a smile，help them and do the cleaning whenever it is necessary．(Her job is to clean rooms, and the job is difficult.)
―It is unusual work for such a young woman，‖says the manager of the restaurant．―It is not only the hard work but also the psychological pressure that she has to stand．‖
―I felt very ashamed and humble when I stood in front of the washroom on my first working day,‖ recalls Liu. Then only 17 years old she blushed whenever a guest came. Her colleagues poked fun at her and her friends called her a fool．(Under the great psychological pressure, she was laughed at by friends.)