发布时间 : 星期五 文章2018-2019学年上海市交大附中高三上英语摸底考试卷.(无答案)更新完毕开始阅读
For example, the standard second (time) is defined as a specific number of vibration of a type of radiation released by atoms of a special metal. The standard meter (length), in turn, is defined as the length of the path light travels in a vacuum during a specific fraction of a second.
Not so the kilogram. This orphan of the basic unit family is simply the mass of a small platinum-iridium alloy cylinder (铂-铱合金筒) locked away by the international Bureau of Weighs & Measures in France.
Embarrassingly, the last time the copies were brought for a checkup in the 1980s, officials found that some copies had gained about 20 parts per billion in weight compared to the master cylinder since the previous checkup in the 1940s. This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an inconstant standard.
No one knows what causes the weight changes. But the uncertainty can’t be tolerated when precision(精密度) in research and some manufacturing now demands accuracy to a few parts per billion.
Several efforts in several different countries are under way to redefine the kilogram in terms of basic physical quantities such as counting the actual number of atoms of a specific substance in a kilogram or the electromagnetic force that balances a kilogram mass against gravity.
A project of the latter type at the NIST laboratories in Gaithersburg hopes eventually to define mass in terms of electrical units. So far, none of these redefinition projects has borne fruit. They require precision of measurement and control of experimental conditions. The slightest pollution, tiny vibrations, or other influences --- even changes in weather --- can ruin results. You’ve got to hand it to scientists who are willing to devote many years to such painstaking but fundamentally important research.
66. Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence “Not so the kilogram.” In paragraph 4? A. The kilogram is not as accurate as the standard second. B. The kilogram is not universally accepted in the world. C. The kilogram is not defined in terms of natural properties. D. The kilogram is not well defined as time and length.
67. Which of the following can NOT be concluded from the passage? A. Experiments are being carried out to redefine the kilogram.
B. The uncertainty in the standard kilogram can seriously affect some research. C. The redefinition of the standard kilogram is quite complicated.
D. Scientists will achieve success in redefining the kilogram in the near future.
68. According to the passage, to define the weight of mass in terms of electrical units _______. A. is one of the best methods to redefine the kilogram B. has been accepted as the only possible redefinition project C. is not as simple as what people can understand
D. has been considered by some scientists as a better approach
69. We can know from the passage that the redefinition of the kilogram is _________. A. more important in keeping market honesty B. worth years of scientists’ painstaking research C. the urgent requirement of business and manufacturing.
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D. bring about important and fruitful results
(B)
Stewart Island Ferry Services
While most visitors spend at least one night on Stewart Island, it is also readily accessible by ferry as a day excursion from Invercargill and Bluff.
Experience Foveaux Strait in comfort and style on board our express catamarans. During the one-hour crossing between Bluff and Stewart Island keep a lookout for wildlife, especially seabirds. Watching mollymawks (albatross) soaring behind the ferry is a fantastic sight.
Interesting landmarks commonly seen include Dog Island Lighthouse, Ruapuke Island, Titi Islands and Mt Anglem - Stewart Island’s highest point.
? Free tea and coffee on board
? Interpretation handouts are available (English only). ? Wheelchair access available
? Personal baggage is carried free on the ferries - max. two bags per person (one stowed and one
small carry-on). Additional baggage is by prior arrangement.
? Vehicle parking available at Bluff (extra cost - reservations recommended) FERRY TO STEWART ISLAND Depart Bluff All year 9:30am Sep-May 5:00pm Oct –Apr 11:00am Jun –Aug 4:30pm Late Dec –mid Jan8:00am Other departures as locally advertised Duration 1hr Check-in 30 minutes prior to the scheduled departure time. (Check-in and boarding gates are closed 10 minutes prior to times stated above.) “20% Multi-Purchase REWARD” on Return Ferry Services Buy 2 or more different excursions and SAVE 20% off all lower priced! Kids Go FREE on selected departures during NZ School Holidays! Kids Go FREE for travel 20 April - 5 May 2013.
70. If a traveler plans to leave a car at Bluff, he had better ________. A. refer to the handouts first
FERRY TO BLUFF Depart Stewart Island All year 8:00am Sep –May 3:30pm Oct –Mar 6:00pm Apr 5:00pm Jun-Aug 3:00pm Late Dec –mid Jan 9:30am B. use wheelchair access
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C. make a reservation leave Bluff？ A. At 8:00 a.m. C. At 11:00 a.m.
D. park it 30 minutes before departure time
71. John, who went to Stewart Island on Dec. 28th, got to the ferry dock at 7:55am. When did he most probably
B. At 9:30 a.m. D. At 3:00 p.m.
72. Which of the following is false about the ferry services？ A. Tea and coffee are free for passengers. B. Children go free for travel for about 15 days.
C. Travelers are sure to see some seabirds during the crossing. D. Passengers have to pay extra cost for extra pieces of luggage.
（C）
Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th.
Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. Dying of \garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, h has, however, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and l m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. America’s National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year.
The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness seems to have stabilized; the caseload, in other words, is growing only because the population itself is going up.
Even drug companies are involved. In the nm-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti persuading people lo stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisonous and more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution.
The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. The Global Fund’s joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the body’s immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. It kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.
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73. The first sentence “Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day.” means ______. A. every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or later B. human beings can deal with problems caused by disease C. Tuberculosis becomes a serious infectious disease D. people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently
74. By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2, the author intends to show ______. A. the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars on Tuberculosis B. the death rate of AIDS is higher than that of Tuberculosis
C. the officials did not pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the past D. compared with AIDS, Tuberculosis can be cured effectively
75. Which of the following best defines the word “upshot”(Line 6, Para 5)? A. Outcome. B. Uphold. C. Achievement. D. Project
76. Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the passage tries to convey? A. Forgive and forget. B. Forgotten, but not gone.
C. When the wound is healed, the pain is forgotten. D. Every dog is brave at his own door.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. The critical abilities are beginning to develop in adolescence. B. Their view on life usually falls in two extremes. C. Of all periods of life, this is what may best be called the plastic age. D. They are basically timid or self-conscious. E. Despite that, it is also in this period that strong ties between teachers and students develop. F. Fundamentally they want to be kept-busy but they refuse to admit it. Adolescents generally refer to boys and girls on the high-school level - more specifically, the second, third, and the fourth years of high school. In dealing with students at this level, we must bear in mind that to some degree they are at a difficult stage, generally called adolescence.
Students at this level are likely to be confused mentally. They usually find it hard to concentrate on what they intend to do and often have romantic dreams. (77) They lack frankness and are usually very easily affected
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