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发布时间 : 星期日 文章初三英语语法总复习(1)更新完毕开始阅读

5 have to 的助动词是do, 而 has to的助动词是 does. 在提问和否定时要注意。

1) I have to go to bed. Do you have to go to bed? I don’t have to go to bed.

2) He has to answer a letter. 他要回信。

Does he have to answer a letter? 他要回信吗?

He doesn’t have to answer a letter. 他不必要回信。 助动词

一、助动词是一些没有实际意义的词,但当提问、构成否定时,就要用上他们。 一、 常见的助动词有

1. do; does ( 用于一般现在时态) 2 .did (用于一般过去时态)

3. shall; will + do(用于一般将来时态) 4. should; would +do (用于过去将来时态) 5. be going to +do (用于一般将来时态) 6. have; has +done (用于现在完成时态) 7. had +done (用于过去完成时态) 9.. be +done (用于 被动语态)

10. be + doing (用于进行时态,包括现在进行和过去进行) 注意:加黑的do,是指动词原形,加黑的done是指动词的过去分词,加黑的doing 是指动词的现在分词。

九. 非谓语动词

(一)。 以下动词或动词词组后只能接V动词原形: had better do sth 最好做某事

had better not do sth 最好不要做某事

why not do something =why don’t you do sth 为什么不做--------呢? make sb do sth 使得某人\\物做某事 let sb do sth 让某人\\物做某事

should \\ can \\could do sth 应该\\能够做------- will + V 例句:

The teacher’s smile made her feel better. 老师的笑容使得他感到好受多了。

You had better not smoke here . 你在这儿最好不要吸烟。 Let him have a rest . 让他休息一会儿

Why not have a rest ? 为什么不休息一会儿呢? (二)以下只能接Ving

mind doing sth 介意做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 ------ finish doing sth 完成做某事 practice doing sth 练习做某事 keep ( on ) doing sth 保持、坚持做某事

prefer swimming to finishing sth 相对钓鱼更加偏爱游泳 prefer sth to sth 相对某物更加偏爱--------

stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 be busy doing sth \\with sth 忙于做某事 be good at doing sth 擅长于做某事

sb spend +时间 \\ 钱+ in doing sth \\on sth 某人发时间\\钱在做某事上某事 feel like doing sth 想做某事 be worth doing sth 值得做某事

thank sb for doing sth 因为某事谢谢某人 thanks for doing sth 因为某事谢谢某人

be interested in (doing )sth 对做------感兴趣 instead of doing sth 代替做某事 be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 be terrified of doing sth 害怕做某事

be seen \\heard \\watched \\found doing sth被看到 \\ 听到 \\ 注视到 \\发现正在做某事

make a contribution to (doing)sth 对做什么而做出贡献 how \\what about doing sth 考虑做某事 worry about doing sth 担心做某事 think of doing sth 考虑到做某事 例句:

I enjoy reading . 我喜欢阅读。

I went swimming instead of playing basketball . 我去游泳了,而不是去打篮球。

She is heard singing now. 她现在被听到正在唱歌。 She is often busy working . 她常忙于工作。

My mother spent one hour in doing housework every day . 我妈妈每天花一个小时做家务活。

( 三)只能接to do 的动词或动词词组有:

decide to do sth 决定做某事 want to do sth 想做某事

ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事 help sb ( to )do sth sb would like to do sth 某人想做某事 be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事

prefer sth to sth 相对某物更加偏爱某物

It is dangerous \\ easy \\ difficult for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事是危险的、容易的、困难的

Sb find it + dangerous \\ easy \\ difficult to do sth 某人发现做某事是危险的、容易的、困难的

Sb make it + dangerous \\ easy \\ difficult to do sth 某人使得做某事是危险的、容易的、困难的

Have some homework \\ some clothes -----to do \\ to wash 有作业 、衣服 ----要做、要洗

EG: I find it easy to learn English . 例句:

My mother asked me not to watch TV too late

It is easy for us to learn English .

I find it easy for me to learn English .我发现对我来说学英语是很容易的。 I would like to have a cup of tea. 。 我想喝杯茶。

I have something important to tell you . 我有重要的事情告诉你。 (四)

stop doing sth 停止做某事 remember to do sth 记得去做---动作没发生 stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事—动作已发生

forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

be seen \\heard doing sth 被看到、听到正在做某事。 (动作正在发生) be seen \\heard to do sth 曾被看到看到、听到做过某事。 (动作已发生) see \\hear\\ watch sb doing sth 看到、听到某人正在做某事。 (动作正在发生)

see \\hear\\ watch sb dosth 看到看到、听到某人曾做过某事。 (动作已发生) begin\\start to do sth begin \\start doing sth。 例句:

The baby is sleeping ,stop talking ,please ! 婴儿正在睡觉,不要讲话! I see her playing basketball on the playground now .我看到她现在正在操场打篮球。

She is often seen to play basketball on the playground . 她经常被看见在操场打篮球。

Remember to bring your homework to the school ! 记得带家庭作业到学校来。

十.反意疑问句

总的原则: 前面肯定,后面否定;前面否定,后面肯定。

She plays basketball well ,doesn’t she ? 她篮球打得好,是吗?

Peter will go to Shanghai tomorrow , won’t he ? Peter 明天去上海,是吗?

You didn’t visite your grandfather yesterday ,did you ? 你昨天没有去看你爷爷,是吗? 重点和难点(一):

以下单词虽无否定词not , 但, 是否定意义, 出现在句子中要特别注意了: hardly( 几乎没有、不能) , few ( 修饰可数名词,几乎没有),

little( 修饰不可数名词,几乎没有), never(从来不), seldom (很少)。 例句:

He can hardly write his own name , can he ? 他几乎连自己的名字都不会写,是吗?

He has never been to Beijing , has he ? 他从来没去过北京,是吗?

He has little money in his pocket, does he ? 他口袋里几乎没有钱,是吗? Peter seldom has lunch at home , does he ? Peter 很少在家吃中餐,是吗?

There is little water in the bottle , is there ? 瓶子里几乎没有水,是吗?

He can hardly write his own name , can he ? 他几乎自己的名字都不会写,是吗?

Yes ,he can. 不,他会写

No ,he can’t . (后面省略了write his own name ) 是的,他几乎不会写.

重点和难点(二):

has to(不得不) , have breakfast \\lunch( 吃早餐\\中餐) 等,看作是一个动词词组,借do \\does 来完成。例句:

Mary has to go to bed at 10:00 every night , doesn’t she ? 她不得不每晚10点睡觉,是吗?

He often has breakfast at home ,doesn’t he ? 重点和难点(三):

1。否定祈使句中,反意疑问句用 will you ? Don’t smoke in the room , will you ?

2。let’s go to play basketball , shall we ?

十一. 感叹句

简记:(一)名词前有the \\that \\this \\those 等特指词的话,就用how 。 1。how + 形容词\\副词+ . the \\that \\this \\those + 名词 +谓语 How delicious the food is ! 食物是多么的美味可口啊! How nice these girls are !

2。How +形容词\\副词+ he \\she \\we +谓语 How carefully he works ! 他工作多仔细! How beautiful she is ! 她多漂亮啊!

(二)名词前没有the \\that \\this \\those 等特指词的话,就用what 。 1. What + 名词 \\ 名词词组+ 其它 what a nice girl she is !

what nice girls they are ! 注意:nice修饰 girl ,把他们看作是一个名词词组

What delicious food ! 注意:delicious 修饰 food,把他们看作是一个名词词组

What beautiful flowers !

十二.倒装句

1.so + is \\am \\are \\did\\do\\will + 主语。上句情况也适合于下句情况: 例句:

You are a student, so am I . 你是一个中学生,我也是一个中学生。

Peter will go to Shanghai tomorrow , so will I . Peter明天将会去上海,我也一样。

Peter does well in English, so does Mary . Peter擅长英语,Mary也擅长