发布时间 : 星期日 文章v-ing用法更新完毕开始阅读
有差别的。现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰的词之间有一种逻辑上的主谓关系，即被修饰的词执行现在分词所表示的这个动作，相当于一个定语从句。而动名词作定语时，与被修饰的词之间没有这种关系，它仅表示一种用途，作“供作??用”解，相当于一个for的介词短语。
13.V-ing形式作宾语补足语，主要用在某些动词如see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, get, have, feel等后与一个名词（或代词）构成复合宾语。这时V-ing形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，并且V-ing形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。例如：
（1）He saw a girl getting on the tractor.（= He saw a girl and she was getting on the tractor.） 他看见一个女孩正往拖拉机上爬。
（2）Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
有人敲门，你听见了吗？
1. 1) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如：
When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance.
? We found the snake eating the eggs. ? The snake was found eating the eggs.
? The boss kept them working 14 hours a day. ? They were kept working 14 hours a day. 2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如：
We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.
Can you smell anything burning?
As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously. Listen to the birds singing. I didn’t notice him waiting.
2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：
? I won’t have you doing that. ? This set me thinking.
? I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. ? I can’t get the clock going again. ? You won’t catch me doing that again. ? 你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。
3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：① 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如: We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment. 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。
（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）
14.作状语的V-ing形式是现在分词，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。在做题时，同学们分辨不出是用过去分词，还是用现在分词（被动形式）。要解决这个问题，同学们就要分析分词与句子主语的关系，如果分词与句子主语是主谓关系，即分词的动作是句子主语发出的，这时，我们要用现在分词（各种形式）；如果分词与句子主语是动宾关系，即分词的动作是句子主
语要承受的，这时就要用过去分词（只有一种形式）。 （1）现在分词作原因状语
A. be的现在分词短语常表示原因（构成“being + adj / n”）。例如： Being so excited, many of us could not go to sleep that night. 由于太兴奋了，那天晚上我们中许多人都睡不着。
Entering the room, he saw Tom watching TV alone 状语 宾语补足语 Being Party members, we should take the lead in everything. 因为我们是党员，所以凡事都应带头。 B. 含有“知道”、“忘记”等心理活动的现在分词短语一般表示原因。例如： Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 由于不知道她的地址，我们无法和她取得联系。
类似的词语有：noticing, thinking, learning, sensing等。 C. 由连系动词组成的分词短语（包括分词独立结构），一般表示原因。例如： Feeling tired, I lay down on the grass. 我感到疲倦，就在草地上躺下了。 D. 句子动词含有“必须”、“不得不”等意思时，作状语的现在分词（或独立主格结构）一般表示原因。例如：
The rain having ruined my hat, I had to buy a new one. 因为雨水把我的帽子弄坏了，所以不得不买顶新的。 （2）现在分词作时间状语
在意义上相当于时间状语从句，可译成“??时；当??时”，以强调谓语动词的动作与分词的动作同时发生，在其前可加when, while, as等。例如： Reaching the river, we pitched camp for the night. 我们到达河边时，就搭起帐篷准备过夜。
Working in the factory, I heard a lot from the workers. 在工厂工作期间，我从工人那里学到了很多东西。 （3）现在分词作方式或伴随状语
The teacher came into the classroom, holding a book in his hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书。
Talking and laughing, the students left the classroom. 学生们说说笑笑地离开了教室。 （4）现在分词作让步状语
可在前面加上连接词though, even if, whether, of以示强调。例如：
Walking and sleeping, the plan is always in his mind. Hearing the news, they went wild with joy.
Seeing from top of the hill, you will find the city really beautiful. Being a student, you should know how to behave. Listening to his walkman, Tom came in the room.
Having been used for a long time, the computer needs repairing. Not finishing his work, the boy can’t go out as he planed. 18.V-ing 的变形 否定式：not doing
You will be punished for not finishing your homework on time. V-ing的独立结构 one’s doing
一般式 完成式 主动语态 V-ing Having done 被动语态 Being done Having been done The officers narrowly escaped ___________(kill) in the hot battle. Having finished the homework, she went to sleep.
19.v-ing作状语可以表示时间, 原因, 结果,条件, 行为方式或伴随动作等. Using your head, you’ll find a good way.条件 Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. 原因 He came running back to tell me the news.方式
The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.结果 (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.时间
20.-ing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。 Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city.
(分词的逻辑主语是time , 而句子的主语是I , 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)
Weather permitting, they’ll go for a walk along the river. Knowing the answer, the boy raised his hand. V-ing 及其短语作定语相当于一个定语从句； 作状语则相当于一个状语从句。
a sleeping baby= a baby who is sleeping
He stood there, not knowing where to go.= …. because he didn’t know where to go. 动名词的逻辑主语及复合结构
Would you mind my / me opening the window? my/ me 称为动名词的逻辑主语．
I can’t understand Jack /Jack’s leaving his wife. I can’t understand his/him leaving his wife. Jack’s/ His leaving his wife is unbelievable.
to do 动作尚未发生
remember/forget/ regret
doing 动作已经发生
to do 设法、努力去做，尽力
try
doing 试试去做（看有何结果）
to do 打算做（主语一般是人）
mean
doing 意味着（主语一般是物）
? 归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有： ? It +be +a waste of time doing ? 做……是浪费时间的
? It is/was no good/use doing ? 做……是没益/用处的
? It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing ? 做……不值得
? It is/was worth/worthwhile doing ? 做……是值得的 ? There is no doing
? 无法…… ， 不允许…… ? There is no sense in doing ? 做、、、没有道理
? There is/was no use doing ? 干、、、无意义
? There is/was nothing worse than doing ? 没有比、、、更糟的
? There is/was no point doing ? 干、、、无意义
? 我们不知道要去哪儿。
? There was no knowing where we would go. ? 做这件傻事毫无意义。
? There is no point doing such a silly thing. ? 注意：There is no need to do sth 干、、、没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing.. ? 没有必要告诉她。
? There is no need to tell her.
? 注意：-ing的逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。 ? 我姐姐病了，使我很担心。
? My sister's being ill made we worried. ? 你正确未必就意味着我错了。
? Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong.