发布时间 : 星期一 文章人教版初中英语知识点总结及练习更新完毕开始阅读
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(1)wish可以用来表示不可实现的愿望；hope只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如： I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。 I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起来。 I wish the weather wasn’t so cold. 但愿天气不这麽冷。 I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能来。
(2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的结构，而hope不可以。例如： Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再来？ 4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth.
(1)be sure to do sth.可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求，意思是“务必”，也可以用来表示说话人做出的推断，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：
Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你离开时务必把门锁好。
It’s a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.这是一部好电影，你肯定会喜欢的。 (2)be sure of/about sb.or sth. 可用来表示“某人对某事有把握”。例如： I’m sure of his success.我相信他会成功。 I think it was three years ago, but I’m not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我没有把握。 5. hear from/hear of hear意思是“听到”，从哪里听到要用from来表示。例如：
I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military training tomorrow.我听小吴说，我们明天开始军训。Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.听录音，并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。
hear from还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如： I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month. 上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。 I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的来信。
hear of和和hear from含义不同。hear of 意思是“听说”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如：Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.他是谁？我从来没有听说过他。I never heard of such a thing! 这样的事我从来没有听说过。 6. It’s a pleasure./With pleasure. It’s a pleasure这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语，意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如： ---Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你地帮助。---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。 ---Thanks a lot. Bye.非常感谢。 再见。---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。再见。 类似的话还有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “That’s all right.”
With pleasure也用作客气的答语，主要用在别人要你做某事，而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例如：---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please?请你把报纸递给我好吗？ ---With pleasure.当然可以。 7. seem/look
(1)二者都可以作“看起来”讲，但seem暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断，这种判断往往接近事实；look着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟(to be)+形容词和as if从句。如：He seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起来很高兴。 It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。 (2)但下列情况中只用seem不用look：
1)后跟不定式to do时。如：He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。
2)在It seems that ...结构中。如：It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高兴些了。
8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for
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(1)be ready to do和be ready for…表示“已作好…的准备”，强调状态 (2)get ready to do和get ready for…表示“为…做准备”，强调行为。如：
I'm ready to do anything you want me to do. 我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。 I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题。 He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正准备动身去东京。
Let's get ready for the hard moment.我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。 (3)be ready to do 通常可理解“乐于做某事”，即思想上总是有做某事的准备。be not ready to do表示“不轻易做某事”。如：He's usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不轻易听从别人。 9. at table/at the table
at table在吃饭，at the table在桌子旁边。例如：The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃饭。 Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。 10. reach, arrive/get to
三者都有\到达\之意。reach是及物动词，后直接加名词，get和arrive是不及物动词，不能直接加名词，须借助于介词。get to后加名词地点，若跟副词地点时，to去掉；arrive at +小地方，arrive in+大地方。如：
Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock. 露西8点前到了动物园。 When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你父母何时到上海的？ It was late when I got home. 我到家时天色已晚。 11. sick/ill
二者都是形容词。当“生病的，患病“之意时，ill只作表语，不作定语；而sick既可作表语也可作定语。sick有\呕吐，恶心\的意思，只能作表语，而ill无此意。如：
Li Lei was ill last week. (只作表语)李磊上周生病了。He's a sick man. （作定语）他是病人。不能说成：He's an ill man.My grandfather was sick for a month last year. （作表语）我祖父去年病了一个月。 12. in time/on time
in time是\及时\的意思，on time是\准时，按时\。如：I didn't get to the bus stop in time. 我没有及时赶上汽车。We'll finish our job on time. 我们要按时完成任务。 13. may be/maybe
It may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket. 也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句中may be是情态动词+be 动词构成的谓语部分，意思是\也许是\，\可能是\；第二句中的maybe是副词，意思是\可能\，常位于句首，不能位于句中，相当于另一副词 perhaps。再如：Maybe you put it in that bag.也许你放在了那只包里。（不能说You maybe put it in that bag.）It may be a hat.那可能是顶帽子。（不能说It maybe a hat. 或It maybe is a hat.） 14. noise/ voice/ sound
noise 指嘈杂声，噪音大的吵杂声。voice是指说话的声音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是指耳朵能够听到的声音、闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如： Don't make so much noise! 别那么大声喧哗！
I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone. 在电话里我听不出约翰的声音。 He spoke in a low voice. 他低声说话。We heard a strange sound. 我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。 Sound travels fast, but light travels faster. 声音传得快，但是光传得更快。 初二英语（下）
1. on time 【知识梳理】
2. out of I. 重点短语
3. all by oneself
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4. lots of 5. no longer 6. get back
7. sooner or later 8. run away 9. eat up
10. take care of 11. turn off 12. turn on
13. after a while 14. make faces 15. teach oneself 16. fall off
17. play the piano 18. knock at
19. to one's surprise 20. look up
21. enjoy oneself 22. help yourself
23. tell a story / stories 24. leave....behind …… 25. come along
26. hold a sports meeting 27. be neck and neck 28. as ... as
29. not so / as ... as 30. do one's best 31. take part in 32. a moment late 33. Bad luck! 34. fall behind 35. high jump 36. long jump 37. relay race 38. well done! 39. take off 40. as usual 41. a pair of 42. at once 43. hurry off
44. come to oneself 45. after a while 46. knock on 47. take care of 48. at the moment 49. set off
50. here and there 51. on watch 52. look out
53. take one’s place
II. 重要句型
1. We’d better not do sth. 2. leave one. oneself
3. find one’s way to a place 4. stand on one’s head 5. make sb. Happy 6. catch up with sb.
7. pass on sth. to somebody 8. spend time doing sth. 9. go on doing sth. 10. get on well with sb. 11. be angry with sb. 12. be fed up with sth. 13. not…until…
14. make room for sb.
III. 交际用语
1. We’re all by ourselves. 2. I fell a little afraid. 3. Don’t be afraid. 4. Help!
5. Can’t you hear anything?
6. I can’t hear anything / anybody there. 7. Maybe it’s a tiger.
8. Let’s get it back before they eat the food. 9. Did she learn all by herself?
10. Could she swim when she was …years old?
11. She didn’t hurt herself.
12. He couldn’t buy himself many nice things. 13. Did he enjoy himself? 14. Help yourselves. 15. Bad luck! 16. Come on!
17. Well done! Congratulations (to…)!
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18. It must be very interesting. 30. Let’s move the bag, or it may cause an 19. I don’t think you’ll like it. accident. 20. It seems to be an interesting book. 31. It’s really nice of you. 21. I’m sure (that)… I’m not sure if… I’m not 32. Don’t mention it. sure what to… 33. Don’t crowd around him. 22. I hope so. 23. What was he/she drawing when…? IV. 重要语法 24. I’m sorry to trouble you. 25. Would you please…? 1. 不定代词/副词的运用； 26. What were you doing at ten o’clock 2. 反身代词的用法； yesterday morning? 3. 并列句； 27. You look tired today. 4. 形容词和副词的比较等级； 28. You’d better go to bed early tonight, if you 5. 冠词的用法； can. 6. 动词的过去进行时； 29. How kind!
【名师讲解】 1. bring/take
Bring表示“带来、拿来”，指从别处朝说话人所在或将在的地方“带来、拿来”。而take则表示“拿去、带走”，它表示的方向与bring相反，指从说话人所在地“拿走、带走”。如： Bring me the book, please. 把那本书给我拿来。
Take some food to the old man. 给那位老人带去些食物。 2. somebody/ anybody/nobody
一般说来，somebody用于定句，anybody用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句。例如： Somebody came to see you when you were out. 你出来时有人来见你。 Does anybody live on this island? 有人在这岛上住吗？ I didn't see anybody there. 我在那儿谁也没看见。
Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see anybody. 别让任何人进来。我太忙，谁也不想见。 There is nobody in the room. 房间里没人。
Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it .谁也没告诉我你病了所以我不知道。 3. listen, listen to, hear 这三个词意思都是“听”，但是它们的用法不完全相同。它们的区别在于： (1)listen 只用于不及物动词，后面接人或人物做宾语，着重于“倾听”，指的是有意识的动作，至于是否听到，并非强调的重点。如：
Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 听！有人在教室唱歌。
(2)listen to 为listen的及物形式，后面一定要接人或物做宾语，这里的to是介词。如： Do you like listening to light music?你喜欢听轻音乐吗？
(3)hear 可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意思是“听到、听见”，指用耳朵听到了某个声音，表示无意识的动作，着重于听的能力和结果。如：We hear with our ears.我们用耳朵听。She listens but hears nothing.她听了听，但是什么也没有听见。 4. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little
(1)many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词；都表示许多。例如： He has many books.他有许多书。He drank much milk.他喝了许多牛奶。
(2)a few和a little都表示\有一点儿\，侧重于肯定，相当于\，但a few修饰可数名词，